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Quantum formulas, defined by Yao [FOCS '93], are the quantum analogs of classical formulas, i.e., classical circuits in which all gates have fanout one. We show that any read-once quantum formula over a gate set that contains all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-24 Alessandro Cosentino , Robin Kothari , Adam Paetznick

Current quantum programming is dominated by low-level, circuit-centric approaches that limit the potential for compiler optimization. This work presents how a high-level programming construct provides compilers with the semantic information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Evandro C. R. Rosa , Jerusa Marchi , Eduardo I. Duzzioni , Rafael de Santiago

Quantum state preparation, also known as encoding or embedding, is a crucial initial step in many quantum algorithms and often constrains theoretical quantum speedup in fields such as quantum machine learning and linear equation solvers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Vittorio Pagni , Gary Schmiedinghoff , Kevin Lively , Michael Epping , Michael Felderer

Quantum random access memory (QRAM) is a common architecture resource for algorithms with many proposed applications, including quantum chemistry, windowed quantum arithmetic, unstructured search, machine learning, and quantum cryptography.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-27 D. K. Weiss , Shruti Puri , S. M. Girvin

We propose quantum neural networks that include multi-qubit interactions in the neural potential leading to a reduction of the network depth without losing approximative power. We show that the presence of multi-qubit potentials in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-06 Yue Ban , E. Torrontegui , J. Casanova

A simple circuit implementation of the oracle for Grover's quantum search of a real unstructured classical database is proposed. The oracle contains a kind of quantumly accessible classical memory, which stores the database.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-18 Bogusław Broda

Quantum computing is currently gaining significant attention, not only from the academic community but also from industry, due to its potential applications across several fields for addressing complex problems. For any practical problem…

We present a variety of methods for training complex-valued word embeddings, based on the classical Skip-gram model, with a straightforward adaptation simply replacing the real-valued vectors with arbitrary vectors of complex numbers. In a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Carys Harvey , Stephen Clark , Douglas Brown , Konstantinos Meichanetzidis

MQuantum algorithms of matrix operations are of great significance in many fields in science and technology. In this paper, by leveraging multi-qubit Toffoli gates and basic single-qubit operations, the quantum algorithms of matrix…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-26 Yu-Hang Liu , Yuan-Hong Tao , jing-Run Lan , Shao-Ming Fei

Quantum Kernel Estimation (QKE) is a technique based on leveraging a quantum computer to estimate a kernel function that is classically difficult to calculate, which is then used by a classical computer for training a Support Vector Machine…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-01 Marco Russo , Edoardo Giusto , Bartolomeo Montrucchio

This is the second paper in a series of two. Using a multi-particle continuous-time quantum walk with two internal states, which has been formulated in the first paper (arXiv:2112.08119), we physically implement a quantum random access…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-28 Ryo Asaka , Kazumitsu Sakai , Ryoko Yahagi

Qudit is a multi-level computational unit alternative to the conventional 2-level qubit. Compared to qubit, qudit provides a larger state space to store and process information, and thus can provide reduction of the circuit complexity,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-12 Yuchen Wang , Zixuan Hu , Barry C. Sanders , Sabre Kais

This paper presents the definition and implementation of a quantum computer architecture to enable creating a new computational device - a quantum computer as an accelerator. In this paper, we present explicitly the idea of a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-20 K. Bertels , A. Sarkar , A. A. Mouedenne , T. Hubregtsen , A. Yadav , A. Krol , I. Ashraf

We describe a general-purpose framework to design quantum algorithms relying upon an efficient handling of arrays. The corner-stone of the framework is the direct embedding of information into quantum amplitudes, thus avoiding the need to…

To use quantum systems for technological applications we first need to preserve their coherence for macroscopic timescales, even at finite temperature. Quantum error correction has made it possible to actively correct errors that affect a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-24 Benjamin J. Brown , Daniel Loss , Jiannis K. Pachos , Chris N. Self , James R. Wootton

A dictionary (or map) is a key-value store that requires all keys be unique, and a multimap is a key-value store that allows for multiple values to be associated with the same key. We design hashing-based indexing schemes for dictionaries…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-07-25 Michael T. Goodrich , Daniel S. Hirschberg , Michael Mitzenmacher , Justin Thaler

As computers approach the physical limits of information storable in memory, new methods will be needed to further improve information storage and retrieval. We propose a quantum inspired vector based approach, which offers a contextually…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2016-11-17 Kirsty Kitto , Peter Bruza , Liane Gabora

We present numerical results which show how two-bit logic gates can be used in the design of a quantum computer. We show that the Toffoli gate, which is a universal gate for all classical reversible computation, can be implemented using a…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 David P. DiVincenzo , John Smolin

We study the resources required to achieve universal quantum computing via the gate sets that provide the fundamental instructions from which quantum algorithms are built. While single-gate universal sets are known, they rely on precisely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Robin Kaarsgaard

Quantum processors may enhance machine learning by mapping high-dimensional data onto quantum systems for processing. Conventional feature maps, for encoding data onto a quantum circuit are currently impractical, as the number of entangling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Utkarsh Singh , Jean-Frédéric Laprade , Aaron Z. Goldberg , Khabat Heshami
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