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Propositional linear time temporal logic (LTL) is the standard temporal logic for computing applications and many reasoning techniques and tools have been developed for it. Tableaux for deciding satisfiability have existed since the 1980s.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-04-15 Mark Reynolds

Metric Temporal Logic $\mathsf{MTL}[\until_I,\since_I]$ is one of the most studied real time logics. It exhibits considerable diversity in expressiveness and decidability properties based on the permitted set of modalities and the nature of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Khushraj Madnani , Shankara Narayanan Krishna , Paritosh Pandya

Standpoint linear temporal logic ($SLTL$) is a recently introduced extension of classical linear temporal logic ($LTL$) with standpoint modalities. Intuitively, these modalities allow to express that, from agent $a$'s standpoint, it is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Rajab Aghamov , Christel Baier , Toghrul Karimov , Rupak Majumdar , Joël Ouaknine , Jakob Piribauer , Timm Spork

The temporal logics LTLf+ and PPLTL+ have recently been proposed to express objectives over infinite traces. These logics are appealing because they match the expressive power of LTL on infinite traces while enabling efficient DFA-based…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Giuseppe De Giacomo , Yong Li , Sven Schewe , Christoph Weinhuber , Pian Yu

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a widely recognized formal specification language to express rigorous temporal requirements on mixed analog signals produced by cyber-physical systems (CPS). A relevant problem in CPS design is how to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Beatrice Melani , Ezio Bartocci , Michele Chiari

In this paper, we propose a novel one-pass and tree-shaped tableau method for Timed Propositional Temporal Logic and for a bounded variant of its extension with past operators. Timed Propositional Temporal Logic (TPTL) is a real-time…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Luca Geatti , Nicola Gigante , Angelo Montanari , Mark Reynolds

LTL3 is a multi-valued variant of Linear-time Temporal Logic for runtime verification applications. The semantic descriptions of LTL3 in previous work are given only in terms of the relationship to conventional LTL. Our approach, by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Rayhana Amjad , Rob van Glabbeek , Liam O'Connor

Satisfiability checking for Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a fundamental step in checking for possible errors in LTL assertions. Extant LTL satisfiability checkers use a variety of different search procedures. With the sole exception of LTL…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-04-30 Jianwen Li , Geguang Pu , Lijun Zhang , Moshe Y. Vardi , Jifeng He

Formal properties represent a cornerstone of the system-correctness proofs based on formal verification techniques such as model checking. Formalizing requirements into temporal properties may be very complex and error prone, due not only…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-09-08 Stefano Tonetta

Synthesis of models and strategies is a very important problem in software engineering. The main element here is checking the satisfiability of formulae expressing the specification of a system to be implemented. This paper puts forward a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Magdalena Kacprzak , Artur Niewiadomski , Wojciech Penczek

Dynamic systems in AI are often complex and heterogeneous, so that an internal specification is not accessible and verification techniques such as model checking are not applicable. Monitoring is in such cases an attractive alternative, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Alessandro Gianola , Marco Montali , Sarah Winkler

We propose algorithms for performing model checking and control synthesis for discrete-time uncertain systems under linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications. We construct temporal logic trees (TLT) from LTL formulae via reachability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-07 Yulong Gao , Alessandro Abate , Frank J. Jiang , Mirco Giacobbe , Lihua Xie , Karl H. Johansson

This paper introduces a novel technique to decide the satisfiability of formulae written in the language of Linear Temporal Logic with Both future and past operators and atomic formulae belonging to constraint system D (CLTLB(D) for short).…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-02-12 Marcello M. Bersani , Achille Frigeri , Angelo Morzenti , Matteo Pradella , Matteo Rossi , Pierluigi San Pietro

In a seminal paper from 1985, Sistla and Clarke showed that satisfiability for Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is either NP-complete or PSPACE-complete, depending on the set of temporal operators used. If, in contrast, the set of propositional…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Michael Bauland , Thomas Schneider , Henning Schnoor , Ilka Schnoor , Heribert Vollmer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance in mathematical reasoning tasks when guided by Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. However, they tend to produce highly confident yet incorrect outputs, which poses significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zhenjiang Mao , Artem Bisliouk , Rohith Reddy Nama , Ivan Ruchkin

Max-Plus Linear (MPL) systems are an algebraic formalism with practical applications in transportation networks, manufacturing and biological systems. In this paper, we investigate the problem of automatically analyzing the properties of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Muhammad Syifa'ul Mufid , Andrea Micheli , Alessandro Abate , Alessandro Cimatti

This paper describes a technique for inferring temporal-logic properties for sets of finite data streams. Such data streams arise in many domains, including server logs, program testing, and financial and marketing data; temporal-logic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Samuel Huang , Rance Cleaveland

HyperLTL, the extension of Linear Temporal Logic by trace quantifiers, is a uniform framework for expressing information flow policies by relating multiple traces of a security-critical system. HyperLTL has been successfully applied to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Corto Mascle , Martin Zimmermann

Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) and Timed Propositional Temporal Logic (TPTL) extend Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) for real-time constraints, with MTL using time-bounded modalities and TPTL employing freeze quantifiers. Satisfiability for both is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Shankara Narayanan Krishna , Khushraj Madnani , Agnipratim Nag , Paritosh Pandya

First-order linear temporal logic (FOLTL) is a flexible and expressive formalism capable of naturally describing complex behaviors and properties. Although the logic is in general highly undecidable, the idea of using it as a specification…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Luca Geatti , Alessandro Gianola , Nicola Gigante