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Quantum circuit synthesis describes the process of converting arbitrary unitary operations into a gate sequence of a fixed universal gate set, usually defined by the operations native to a given hardware platform. Most current synthesis…

For a number of useful quantum circuits, qudit constructions have been found which reduce resource requirements compared to the best known or best possible qubit construction. However, many of the necessary qutrit gates in these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-05 Lia Yeh , John van de Wetering

We present a way to realize a multiplex-controlled phase gate of n-1 control qubits simultaneously controlling one target qubit, with n qubits distributed in n different cavities. This multiqubit gate is implemented by using n qutrits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-21 Biaoliang Ye , Zhen-Fei Zheng , Chui-Ping Yang

Gate-based quantum computation has been extensively investigated using quantum circuits based on qubits. In many cases, such qubits are actually made out of multilevel systems but with only two states being used for computational purpose.…

We give an overview of the circuit optimisation methods used by tket, a compiler system for quantum software developed by Cambridge Quantum Computing Ltd. We focus on a novel technique based around phase gadgets, a family of multi-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-04 Alexander Cowtan , Silas Dilkes , Ross Duncan , Will Simmons , Seyon Sivarajah

This note describes how the the scalable ZXH calculus can be used to represent in a compact way the quantum gates that are diagonal in the computational basis. This includes controlled and multi-controlled Z gates, their generalizations,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-18 Titouan Carette

Prevailing proposals for the first generation of quantum computers make use of 2-level systems, or qubits, as the fundamental unit of quantum information. However, recent innovations in quantum error correction and magic state distillation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-18 Luke E. Heyfron , Earl Campbell

We propose a simple method for realizing a multiqubit phase gate of one qubit simultaneously controlling $n$ target qubits, by using three-level quantum systems (i.e., qutrits) coupled to a cavity or resonator. The gate can be implemented…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Chui-Ping Yang , Qi-Ping Su , Feng-Yang Zhang , Shi-Biao Zheng

Quantum computation is traditionally expressed in terms of quantum bits, or qubits. In this work, we instead consider three-level qu$trits$. Past work with qutrits has demonstrated only constant factor improvements, owing to the $\log_2(3)$…

Quantum devices comprised of elementary components with more than two stable levels - so-called qudits - enrich the accessible Hilbert space, enabling applications ranging from fault-tolerant quantum computing to simulating complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Amir Burshtein , Shachar Fraenkel , Moshe Goldstein , Ran Finkelstein

Quantum circuit synthesis and compilation are critical components in the quantum computing stack, both for contemporary quantum systems, where efficient use of limited resources is essential, as well as for large-scale fault-tolerant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Jonathan Nemirovsky , Maya Chuchem , Lee Peleg , Yakov Solomons , Amit Ben Kish , Yotam Shapira

We introduce the qudit ZH-calculus and show how to generalise all the phase-free qubit rules to qudits. We prove that for prime dimensions d, the phase-free qudit ZH-calculus is universal for matrices over the ring Z[e^2(pi)i/d]. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-04 Patrick Roy , John van de Wetering , Lia Yeh

We propose how to realize a three-step controlled-phase gate of one qubit simultaneously controlling $n$ qubits in a cavity or coupled to a resonator. The $n$ two-qubit controlled-phase gates, forming this multiqubit phase gate, can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-09 Chui-Ping Yang , Yu-xi Liu , Franco Nori

Cavity-based large scale quantum information processing (QIP) may involve multiple cavities and require performing various quantum logic operations on qubits distributed in different cavities. Geometric-phase-based quantum computing has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-15 Tong Liu , Xiao-Zhi Cao , Qi-Ping Su , Shao-Jie Xiong , Chui-Ping Yang

Hybrid qubits have recently drawn intensive attention in quantum computing. We here propose a method to implement a universal controlled-phase gate of two hybrid qubits via two three-dimensional (3D) microwave cavities coupled to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-23 Chui-Ping Yang , Zhen-Fei Zheng , Yu Zhang

In the near term, programming quantum computers will remain severely limited by low quantum volumes. Therefore, it is desirable to implement quantum circuits with the fewest resources possible. For the common Clifford+T circuits, most…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Korbinian Staudacher , Tobias Guggemos , Sophia Grundner-Culemann , Wolfgang Gehrke

We show that with the assistance of a third level of the qubits an n-qubit phase gate can be constructed from $2n-4$ two-qutrit conditional swap gates, a single qutrit-qubit controlled phase gate, and two single-qutrit operations. Unlike…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-20 Shi Biao Zheng

To approximate arbitrary unitary transformations on one or more qubits, one must perform transformations which are outside of the Clifford group. The gate most commonly considered for this purpose is the T = diag(1, exp(i \pi/4)) gate. As T…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-04 Niel de Beaudrap , Xiaoning Bian , Quanlong Wang

Reducing the number of non-Clifford quantum gates present in a circuit is an important task for efficiently implementing quantum computations, especially in the fault-tolerant regime. We present a new method for reducing the number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-13 Aleks Kissinger , John van de Wetering

Qudit is a multi-level computational unit alternative to the conventional 2-level qubit. Compared to qubit, qudit provides a larger state space to store and process information, and thus can provide reduction of the circuit complexity,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-12 Yuchen Wang , Zixuan Hu , Barry C. Sanders , Sabre Kais
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