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Multivariate time-series anomaly detection (MTSAD) aims to identify deviations from normality in multivariate time-series and is critical in real-world applications. However, in real-world deployments, distribution shifts are ubiquitous and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 HyunGi Kim , Jisoo Mok , Hyungyu Lee , Juhyeon Shin , Sungroh Yoon

Deep neural networks often encounter significant performance drops while facing with domain shifts between training (source) and test (target) data. To address this issue, Test Time Adaptation (TTA) methods have been proposed to adapt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Siqi Luo , Yi Xin , Yuntao Du , Tao Tan , Guangtao Zhai , Xiaohong Liu

Test-time adaption (TTA) has witnessed important progress in recent years, the prevailing methods typically first encode the image and the text and design strategies to model the association between them. Meanwhile, the image encoder is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yaxiong Wang , Zhenqiang Zhang , Lechao Cheng , Zhun Zhong , Dan Guo , Meng Wang

Multi-modal test-time adaptation (TTA) enhances the resilience of benchmark multi-modal models against distribution shifts by leveraging the unlabeled target data during inference. Despite the documented success, the advancement of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jinglin Xu , Yi Li , Chuxiong Sun , Xiao Xu , Jiangmeng Li , Fanjiang Xu

Facial expression recognition (FER) in videos requires model personalization to capture the considerable variations across subjects. Vision-language models (VLMs) offer strong transfer to downstream tasks through image-text alignment, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Masoumeh Sharafi , Muhammad Osama Zeeshan , Soufiane Belharbi , Alessandro Lameiras Koerich , Marco Pedersoli , Eric Granger

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) enhances model robustness to out-of-distribution (OOD) data by updating the model online during inference, yet existing methods lack theoretical insights into the fundamental causes of performance degradation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xiao Chen , Zhongjing Du , Jiazhen Huang , Xu Jiang , Li Lu , Jingyan Jiang , Zhi Wang

In this work, we propose a novel complementary learning approach to enhance test-time adaptation (TTA), which has been proven to exhibit good performance on testing data with distribution shifts such as corruptions. In test-time adaptation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Jiayi Han , Longbin Zeng , Liang Du , Weiyang Ding , Jianfeng Feng

The ability to scene understanding in adverse visual conditions, e.g., nighttime, has sparked active research for RGB-Thermal (RGB-T) semantic segmentation. However, it is essentially hampered by two critical problems: 1) the day-night gap…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Yexin Liu , Weiming Zhang , Guoyang Zhao , Jinjing Zhu , Athanasios Vasilakos , Lin Wang

Machine Learning models are prone to fail when test data are different from training data, a situation often encountered in real applications known as distribution shift. While still valid, the training-time knowledge becomes less…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Thomas Cordier , Victor Bouvier , Gilles Hénaff , Céline Hudelot

Test-time adaptation (TTA) intends to adapt the pretrained model to test distributions with only unlabeled test data streams. Most of the previous TTA methods have achieved great success on simple test data streams such as independently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Longhui Yuan , Binhui Xie , Shuang Li

Deep learning models have shown great promise in diverse remote sensing applications. However, they often struggle to generalize across geographic regions unseen during training due to domain shifts. Domain shifts occur when data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sofiane Bouaziz , Adel Hafiane , Raphael Canals , Rachid Nedjai

Encountering shifted data at test time is a ubiquitous challenge when deploying predictive models. Test-time adaptation (TTA) methods address this issue by continuously adapting a deployed model using only unlabeled test data. While TTA can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mona Schirmer , Metod Jazbec , Christian A. Naesseth , Eric Nalisnick

Current visual detectors, though impressive within their training distribution, often fail to parse out-of-distribution scenes into their constituent entities. Recent test-time adaptation methods use auxiliary self-supervised losses to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Mihir Prabhudesai , Anirudh Goyal , Sujoy Paul , Sjoerd van Steenkiste , Mehdi S. M. Sajjadi , Gaurav Aggarwal , Thomas Kipf , Deepak Pathak , Katerina Fragkiadaki

Deep neural networks often exhibit poor performance on data that is unlikely under the train-time data distribution, for instance data affected by corruptions. Previous works demonstrate that test-time adaptation to data shift, for instance…

Test-time adaptation is a promising research direction that allows the source model to adapt itself to changes in data distribution without any supervision. Yet, current methods are usually evaluated on benchmarks that are only a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Damian Sójka , Sebastian Cygert , Bartłomiej Twardowski , Tomasz Trzciński

Continual Test-Time Adaptation (CTTA) is an emerging and challenging task where a model trained in a source domain must adapt to continuously changing conditions during testing, without access to the original source data. CTTA is prone to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Ziqi Shi , Fan Lyu , Ye Liu , Fanhua Shang , Fuyuan Hu , Wei Feng , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang

Conventional test-time adaptation (TTA) approaches typically adapt the model using only a small fraction of test samples, often those with low-entropy predictions, thereby failing to fully leverage the available information in the test…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Nam Nguyen Phuong , Duc Nguyen The Minh , Phi Le Nguyen , Ehsan Abbasnejad , Minh Hoai

In this work, we study Source-Free Unsupervised Domain Adaptation under corruption-induced domain shifts, where performance degradation is caused by natural image corruptions that go beyond additive noise, including blur, weather effects,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Francesco Olivato , Cigdem Beyan , Vittorio Murino

Powerful as they are, graph neural networks (GNNs) are known to be vulnerable to distribution shifts. Recently, test-time adaptation (TTA) has attracted attention due to its ability to adapt a pre-trained model to a target domain, without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Wenxuan Bao , Zhichen Zeng , Zhining Liu , Hanghang Tong , Jingrui He

Recently, diffusion-based test-time adaptations (TTA) have shown great advances, which leverage a diffusion model to map the images in the unknown test domain to the training domain. The unseen and diverse test domains make diffusion-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Kaiyu Song , Hanjiang Lai , Yan Pan , Kun Yue , Jian Yin