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Phishing URL detection is crucial in cybersecurity as malicious websites disguise themselves to steal sensitive infor mation. Traditional machine learning techniques struggle to per form well in complex real-world scenarios due to large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Md. Farhan Shahriyar , Gazi Tanbhir , Abdullah Md Raihan Chy , Mohammed Abdul Al Arafat Tanzin , Md. Jisan Mashrafi

Web request query strings (queries), which pass parameters to the referenced resource, are always manipulated by attackers to retrieve sensitive data and even take full control of victim web servers and web applications. However, existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-12 Ying Dong , Yuqing Zhang

URL+HTML feature fusion shows promise for robust malicious URL detection, since attacker artifacts persist in DOM structures. However, prior work suffers from four critical shortcomings: (1) incomplete URL modeling, failing to jointly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Ye Tian , Zhang Yumin , Yifan Jia , Jianguo Sun , Yanbin Wang

Deep neural networks usually require large labeled datasets for training to achieve state-of-the-art performance in many tasks, such as image classification and natural language processing. Although a lot of data is created each day by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Jing Lin , Ryan Luley , Kaiqi Xiong

LLM-based web agents have become increasingly popular for their utility in daily life and work. However, they exhibit critical vulnerabilities when processing malicious URLs: accepting a disguised malicious URL enables subsequent access to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Dezhang Kong , Zhuxi Wu , Shiqi Liu , Zhicheng Tan , Kuichen Lu , Minghao Li , Qichen Liu , Shengyu Chu , Zhenhua Xu , Xuan Liu , Meng Han

Spear Phishing is a type of cyber-attack where the attacker sends hyperlinks through email on well-researched targets. The objective is to obtain sensitive information by imitating oneself as a trustworthy website. In recent times, deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Sharif Amit Kamran , Shamik Sengupta , Alireza Tavakkoli

The number of cyber threats against both wired and wireless computer systems and other components of the Internet of Things continues to increase annually. In this work, an algorithm selection framework is employed on the NSL-KDD data set…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Marc Chalé , Nathaniel D. Bastian , Jeffery Weir

Evaluating robustness of machine-learning models to adversarial examples is a challenging problem. Many defenses have been shown to provide a false sense of robustness by causing gradient-based attacks to fail, and they have been broken…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Maura Pintor , Luca Demetrio , Angelo Sotgiu , Ambra Demontis , Nicholas Carlini , Battista Biggio , Fabio Roli

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are notoriously vulnerable to adversarial input designs with limited noise budgets. While numerous successful attacks with subtle modifications to original input have been proposed, defense techniques against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Furkan Mumcu , Yasin Yilmaz

The existence of adversarial attacks (or adversarial examples) brings huge concern about the machine learning (ML) model's safety issues. For many safety-critical ML tasks, such as financial forecasting, fraudulent detection, and anomaly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Han Xu , Menghai Pan , Zhimeng Jiang , Huiyuan Chen , Xiaoting Li , Mahashweta Das , Hao Yang

Web Application Firewalls are crucial for protecting web applications against a wide range of cyber threats. Traditional Web Application Firewalls often struggle to effectively distinguish between malicious and legitimate traffic, leading…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ahmed Sameh , Sahar Selim

Autonomous agents deployed in the real world need to be robust against adversarial attacks on sensory inputs. Robustifying agent policies requires anticipating the strongest attacks possible. We demonstrate that existing observation-space…

The Uniform Resource Locator (URL), introduced in a connectivity-first era to define access and locate resources, remains historically limited, lacking future-proof mechanisms for security, trust, or resilience against fraud and abuse,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Najmul Hasan , Prashanth BusiReddyGari

Recommender systems are an essential part of any e-commerce platform. Recommendations are typically generated by aggregating large amounts of user data. A malicious actor may be motivated to sway the output of such recommender systems by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-07 Behzad Shahrasbi , Venugopal Mani , Apoorv Reddy Arrabothu , Deepthi Sharma , Kannan Achan , Sushant Kumar

Due to their massive success in various domains, deep learning techniques are increasingly used to design network intrusion detection solutions that detect and mitigate unknown and known attacks with high accuracy detection rates and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Huda Ali Alatwi , Charles Morisset

Adversarial attacks on deep-learning models pose a serious threat to their reliability and security. Existing defense mechanisms are narrow addressing a specific type of attack or being vulnerable to sophisticated attacks. We propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Mouna Rabhi , Roberto Di Pietro

Cyber attacks continue to pose significant threats to individuals and organizations, stealing sensitive data such as personally identifiable information, financial information, and login credentials. Hence, detecting malicious websites…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Saroj Gopali , Akbar S. Namin , Faranak Abri , Keith S. Jones

Adversarial attacks and defenses in machine learning and deep neural network have been gaining significant attention due to the rapidly growing applications of deep learning in the Internet and relevant scenarios. This survey provides a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Yulong Wang , Tong Sun , Shenghong Li , Xin Yuan , Wei Ni , Ekram Hossain , H. Vincent Poor

Whilst adversarial attack detection has received considerable attention, it remains a fundamentally challenging problem from two perspectives. First, while threat models can be well-defined, attacker strategies may still vary widely within…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Nathan Drenkow , Neil Fendley , Philippe Burlina

With the advent of vehicles equipped with advanced driver-assistance systems, such as adaptive cruise control (ACC) and other automated driving features, the potential for cyberattacks on these automated vehicles (AVs) has emerged. While…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Tianyi Li , Mingfeng Shang , Shian Wang , Raphael Stern