English
Related papers

Related papers: Gauge invariance from on-shell massive amplitudes …

200 papers

We explicitly present all coupling conditions required for tree-level unitarity (tree unitarity) in theories with a finite number of massive and massless particles of spin up to 1. They allow us to diagnose tree unitarity of a system using…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-21 Jaehoon Jeong , Pyungwon Ko , Yu-Hui Zheng

Basing on the Slavnov-Taylor identities, we derive a new prescription to obtain gauge invariant tree-level scattering amplitudes for the process g*g->Ng within high energy factorization. Using the helicity method, we check the formalism up…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-01-18 Andreas van Hameren , Piotr Kotko , Krzysztof Kutak

Following an argument advanced by Feynman, we consider a method for obtaining the effective action which generates the sum of tree diagrams with external physical particles. This technique is applied, in the unbroken \lambda \phi^4 theory,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 Fernando T Brandt , Josif Frenkel

In this paper we consider tree-level gauge invariant off-shell amplitudes (Wilson line form factors) in $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM. For the off-shell amplitudes with one leg off-shell we present a conjecture for their Grassmannian integral…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-04-26 L. V. Bork , A. I. Onishchenko

We identify an extended Poincare symmetry $ISO(2) \times ISO(3,1)$ for on-shell massive scattering amplitudes, transforming under the $U(2)$ Little group symmetry. Thus the one-particle state involves in both spin and transversality $t$…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-20 Yu-Han Ni , Yi-Ning Wang , Chao Wu , Jiang-Hao Yu

We show that a natural spinor-helicity formalism that can describe massive scattering amplitudes exists in $D=6$ dimensions. This is arranged by having helicity spinors carry an index in the Dirac spinor {\bf 4} of the massive little group,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-05-01 Rishabh Jha , Chethan Krishnan , K. V. Pavan Kumar

I study constraints on fundamental physics emerging from consistency of a unitary, local and perturbative $S$-matrix in $4d$. For massless particles, some new constraints arising from consistent complex factorisation of $2\rightarrow 2$…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-07 Timothy Trott

We study scattering equations and formulas for tree amplitudes of various theories in four dimensions, in terms of spinor helicity variables and on-shell superspace for supersymmetric theories. As originally obtained in Witten's twistor…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-07-15 Song He , Zhengwen Liu , Jun-Bao Wu

In gauge theories, contact terms play an important role in ensuring gauge invariance. In the spinor helicity formalism, the choice of a gauge-fixing condition manifests itself in the form of the choice of reference vector to write the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-17 Aakash Kumar , Arnab Rudra , Rahul Shaw

We give a new formalism for pure gauge-theoretic scattering at tree-amplitude level. We first describe a generalization of the Britto-Cachazo-Feng recursion relation in which a significant restriction is removed. We then use twistor…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Andrew Hodges

Gauge theory amplitudes in a non-helicity format are generated at all $n$-point and at tree level. These amplitudes inherit structure from $\phi^3$ classical scattering, and the string inspired formalism is used to find the tensor algebra.…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gordon Chalmers

We study two-to-two scattering amplitudes of a scalar particle of mass $m$. For simplicity, we assume the presence of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ symmetry and that the particle is $\mathbb{Z}_2$ odd. We consider two classes of amplitudes: the fully…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-01-04 Hongbin Chen , A. Liam Fitzpatrick , Denis Karateev

We recursively construct tree-level electromagnetic and gravitational Compton amplitudes of higher-spin massive particles by the all-line transverse momentum shift. With three-point amplitude as input, we demonstrate that higher-point…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-06-04 Yohei Ema , Ting Gao , Wenqi Ke , Zhen Liu , Ishmam Mahbub

Attached to both Yang-Mills and General Relativity about Minkowski spacetime are distinguished gauge independent objects known as the on-shell tree scattering amplitudes. We reinterpret and rigorously construct them as $L_\infty$ minimal…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-07-12 Andrea Nützi , Michael Reiterer

Over the past year, the "scalar-scaffolding" formalism has revealed a number of new features of gluon amplitudes. In this paper, we leverage these developments to study two distinct but related questions, linked by the scaffolding statement…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-23 Jeffrey V. Backus , Carolina Figueiredo

We review some recent developments in the understanding of field theories in the perturbative regime. In particular, we discuss the notions of analyticity, unitarity and locality, and therefore the singularity structure of scattering…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-18 Paolo Benincasa

Tree-level scattering amplitudes for gravitons, gluons and Goldstone particles in any dimensions are strongly constrained by basic principles, and they are intimately related to each other via various relations. We study two types of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-05-25 Jin Dong , Song He , Linghui Hou

We initiate the study of multiloop scattering amplitudes in the Nambu-Goto theory on the worldsheet of a non-critical string. We start with a brute force calculation of two loop four particle scattering. Somewhat surprisingly, even though…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-05-20 Peter Conkey , Sergei Dubovsky

We calculate one loop scattering amplitudes for arbitrary number of positive helicity on-shell gluons and one off-shell gluon treated within the quasi-multi Regge kinematics. The result is fully gauge invariant and possesses the correct…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-03-05 Etienne Blanco , Andreas van Hameren , Piotr Kotko , Krzysztof Kutak

We compute tree-level $n$-point scattering amplitudes in scalar field theories in terms of geometric invariants on a fibre bundle. All 0- and 2-derivative interactions are incorporated into a metric on this bundle. The on-shell amplitudes…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-09-26 Mohammad Alminawi , Ilaria Brivio , Joe Davighi