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This paper investigates robust representation learning in offline goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (GCRL). Particularly in sparse reward scenarios, learning representations that align state and goal latents is a challenge that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Valliappan Chidambaram Adaikkappan , David Meger , Sai Rajeswar , Pietro Mazzaglia

Reinforcement learning is a promising framework for solving control problems, but its use in practical situations is hampered by the fact that reward functions are often difficult to engineer. Specifying goals and tasks for autonomous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Justin Fu , Anoop Korattikara , Sergey Levine , Sergio Guadarrama

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms typically start tabula rasa, without any prior knowledge of the environment, and without any prior skills. This however often leads to low sample efficiency, requiring a large amount of interaction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Matthias Hutsebaut-Buysse , Kevin Mets , Steven Latré

Many real-world applications require an agent to make robust and deliberate decisions with multimodal information (e.g., robots with multi-sensory inputs). However, it is very challenging to train the agent via reinforcement learning (RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jinming Ma , Feng Wu , Yingfeng Chen , Xianpeng Ji , Yu Ding

Deep reinforcement learning provides a promising approach for text-based games in studying natural language communication between humans and artificial agents. However, the generalization still remains a big challenge as the agents depend…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Yunqiu Xu , Meng Fang , Ling Chen , Yali Du , Chengqi Zhang

Hierarchical policies in offline goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (GCRL) addresses long-horizon tasks by decomposing control into high-level subgoal planning and low-level action execution. A critical design choice in such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Jinu Hyeon , Woobin Park , Hongjoon Ahn , Taesup Moon

Building autonomous machines that can explore open-ended environments, discover possible interactions and build repertoires of skills is a general objective of artificial intelligence. Developmental approaches argue that this can only be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Cédric Colas , Tristan Karch , Olivier Sigaud , Pierre-Yves Oudeyer

Reinforcement learning (RL) makes it possible to train agents capable of achieving sophisticated goals in complex and uncertain environments. A key difficulty in reinforcement learning is specifying a reward function for the agent to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Bradly C. Stadie , Pieter Abbeel , Ilya Sutskever

This paper tackles the problem of learning a questioner in the goal-oriented visual dialog task. Several previous works adopt model-free reinforcement learning. Most pretrain the model from a finite set of human-generated data. We argue…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-25 Yen-Wei Chang , Wen-Hsiao Peng

Approaches for goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (GCRL) often use learned state representations to extract goal-reaching policies. Two frameworks for representation structure have yielded particularly effective GCRL algorithms: (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Vivek Myers , Bill Chunyuan Zheng , Benjamin Eysenbach , Sergey Levine

Generalization in Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to learn an agent during training that generalizes to the target environment. This paper studies RL generalization from a theoretical aspect: how much can we expect pre-training over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Haotian Ye , Xiaoyu Chen , Liwei Wang , Simon S. Du

Learning robotic control policies in the real world gives rise to challenges in data efficiency, safety, and controlling the initial condition of the system. On the other hand, simulations are a useful alternative as they provide an…

In many real-world problems, the learning agent needs to learn a problem's abstractions and solution simultaneously. However, most such abstractions need to be designed and refined by hand for different problems and domains of application.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Mehdi Dadvar , Rashmeet Kaur Nayyar , Siddharth Srivastava

Learning to reach goal states and learning diverse skills through mutual information (MI) maximization have been proposed as principled frameworks for self-supervised reinforcement learning, allowing agents to acquire broadly applicable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Jongwook Choi , Archit Sharma , Honglak Lee , Sergey Levine , Shixiang Shane Gu

Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning (GCRL) provides a versatile framework for developing unified controllers capable of handling wide ranges of tasks, exploring environments, and adapting behaviors. However, its reliance on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Charly Pecqueux-Guézénec , Stéphane Doncieux , Nicolas Perrin-Gilbert

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in various domains, yet it often relies on carefully designed programmatic reward functions to guide agent behavior. Designing such reward functions can be challenging and may not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Qi Wang , Mian Wu , Yuyang Zhang , Mingqi Yuan , Wenyao Zhang , Haoxiang You , Yunbo Wang , Xin Jin , Xiaokang Yang , Wenjun Zeng

Despite numerous successes, the field of reinforcement learning (RL) remains far from matching the impressive generalisation power of human behaviour learning. One possible way to help bridge this gap be to provide RL agents with richer,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Sabrina McCallum , Max Taylor-Davies , Stefano V. Albrecht , Alessandro Suglia

Our goals fundamentally shape how we experience the world. For example, when we are hungry, we tend to view objects in our environment according to whether or not they are edible (or tasty). Alternatively, when we are cold, we may view the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-05 Nadav Amir , Yael Niv , Angela Langdon

Ensuring long-term fairness is crucial when developing automated decision making systems, specifically in dynamic and sequential environments. By maximizing their reward without consideration of fairness, AI agents can introduce disparities…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Sahand Rezaei-Shoshtari , Hanna Yurchyk , Scott Fujimoto , Doina Precup , David Meger

The interpretation of spatial references is highly contextual, requiring joint inference over both language and the environment. We consider the task of spatial reasoning in a simulated environment, where an agent can act and receive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Michael Janner , Karthik Narasimhan , Regina Barzilay