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Zero-shot coordination problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), which requires agents to adapt to unseen agents, has attracted increasing attention. Traditional approaches often rely on the Self-Play (SP) framework to generate…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Weifan Long , Wen Wen , Peng Zhai , Lihua Zhang

While advances in multi-agent learning have enabled the training of increasingly complex agents, most existing techniques produce a final policy that is not designed to adapt to a new partner's strategy. However, we would like our AI agents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Andy Shih , Stefano Ermon , Dorsa Sadigh

While there has been significant progress in curriculum learning and continuous learning for training agents to generalize across a wide variety of environments in the context of single-agent reinforcement learning, it is unclear if these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Rupali Bhati , Sai Krishna Gottipati , Clodéric Mars , Matthew E. Taylor

Recent years have seen the application of deep reinforcement learning techniques to cooperative multi-agent systems, with great empirical success. However, given the lack of theoretical insight, it remains unclear what the employed neural…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Jacopo Castellini , Frans A. Oliehoek , Rahul Savani , Shimon Whiteson

In this paper, we propose a novel benchmark called the StarCraft Multi-Agent Challenges+, where agents learn to perform multi-stage tasks and to use environmental factors without precise reward functions. The previous challenges (SMAC)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Mingyu Kim , Jihwan Oh , Yongsik Lee , Joonkee Kim , Seonghwan Kim , Song Chong , Se-Young Yun

To successfully tackle challenging manipulation tasks, autonomous agents must learn a diverse set of skills and how to combine them. Recently, self-supervised agents that set their own abstract goals by exploiting the discovered structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Andrii Zadaianchuk , Georg Martius , Fanny Yang

LLM-based agents have made significant advancements in interactive environments, such as mobile operations and web browsing, and other domains beyond computer using. Current multi-agent systems universally excel in performance, compared to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Zhitao He , Zijun Liu , Peng Li , Yi R. Fung , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Yang Liu

The main challenge of multiagent reinforcement learning is the difficulty of learning useful policies in the presence of other simultaneously learning agents whose changing behaviors jointly affect the environment's transition and reward…

Learning collaborative behaviors is essential for multi-agent systems. Traditionally, multi-agent reinforcement learning solves this implicitly through a joint reward and centralized observations, assuming collaborative behavior will…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhengran Ji , Lingyu Zhang , Paul Sajda , Boyuan Chen

In recent years, there has been some outstanding work on applying deep reinforcement learning to multi-agent settings. Often in such multi-agent scenarios, adversaries can be present. We address the requirements of such a setting by…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Siddharth Ghiya , Katia Sycara

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) with external tools via multi-agent systems offers a promising new paradigm for decomposing and solving complex problems. However, training these systems remains notoriously difficult due to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yanming Li , Xuelin Zhang , WenJie Lu , Ziye Tang , Maodong Wu , Haotian Luo , Tongtong Wu , Zijie Peng , Hongze Mi , Yibo Feng , Naiqiang Tan , Chao Huang , Hong Chen , Li Shen

Reinforcement learning (RL) for large language models (LLMs) increasingly relies on sparse, outcome-level rewards -- yet determining which actions within a long trajectory caused the outcome remains difficult. This credit assignment (CA)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Chenchen Zhang

Team competition in multi-agent Markov games is an increasingly important setting for multi-agent reinforcement learning, due to its general applicability in modeling many real-life situations. Multi-agent actor-critic methods are the most…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Paramita Koley , Aurghya Maiti , Niloy Ganguly , Sourangshu Bhattacharya

This work presents a Hierarchical Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning framework for analyzing simulated air combat scenarios involving heterogeneous agents. The objective is to identify effective Courses of Action that lead to mission…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Ardian Selmonaj , Oleg Szehr , Giacomo Del Rio , Alessandro Antonucci , Adrian Schneider , Michael Rüegsegger

Reinforcement learning agents in complex game environments often suffer from sparse rewards, training instability, and poor sample efficiency. This paper presents a hybrid training approach that combines offline imitation learning with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Thomas Ackermann , Moritz Spang , Hamza A. A. Gardi

Although reinforcement learning methods can achieve impressive results in simulation, the real world presents two major challenges: generating samples is exceedingly expensive, and unexpected perturbations or unseen situations cause…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Anusha Nagabandi , Ignasi Clavera , Simin Liu , Ronald S. Fearing , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn

We examine the problem of transmission control, i.e., when to transmit, in distributed wireless communications networks through the lens of multi-agent reinforcement learning. Most other works using reinforcement learning to control or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-16 Collin Farquhar , Prem Sagar Pattanshetty Vasanth Kumar , Anu Jagannath , Jithin Jagannath

'Reincarnation' in reinforcement learning has been proposed as a formalisation of reusing prior computation from past experiments when training an agent in an environment. In this paper, we present a brief foray into the paradigm of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Claude Formanek , Callum Rhys Tilbury , Jonathan Shock , Kale-ab Tessera , Arnu Pretorius

In manufacturing, assembly tasks have been a challenge for learning algorithms due to variant dynamics of different environments. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising framework to automatically learn these tasks, yet it is still not…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Quantao Yang , Johannes A. Stork , Todor Stoyanov

Assignment problems are a classic combinatorial optimization problem in which a group of agents must be assigned to a group of tasks such that maximum utility is achieved while satisfying assignment constraints. Given the utility of each…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Joshua Holder , Natasha Jaques , Mehran Mesbahi