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This study focuses on incremental learning for image classification, exploring how to reduce catastrophic forgetting of all learned knowledge when access to old data is restricted. The challenge lies in balancing plasticity (learning new…

Deep models, e.g., CNNs and Vision Transformers, have achieved impressive achievements in many vision tasks in the closed world. However, novel classes emerge from time to time in our ever-changing world, requiring a learning system to…

Class-incremental learning (CIL) has been widely studied under the setting of starting from a small number of classes (base classes). Instead, we explore an understudied real-world setting of CIL that starts with a strong model pre-trained…

Class incremental learning (CIL) algorithms aim to continually learn new object classes from incrementally arriving data while not forgetting past learned classes. The common evaluation protocol for CIL algorithms is to measure the average…

The dynamic nature of open-world scenarios has attracted more attention to class incremental learning (CIL). However, existing CIL methods typically presume the availability of complete ground-truth labels throughout the training process,…

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) aims to build classification models from data streams. At each step of the CIL process, new classes must be integrated into the model. Due to catastrophic forgetting, CIL is particularly challenging when…

Algorithm selection is commonly used to predict the best solver from a portfolio per per-instance. In many real scenarios, instances arrive in a stream: new instances become available over time, while the number of class labels can also…

For future learning systems, incremental learning is desirable because it allows for: efficient resource usage by eliminating the need to retrain from scratch at the arrival of new data; reduced memory usage by preventing or limiting the…

Class incremental learning (CIL) is a challenging setting of continual learning, which learns a series of tasks sequentially. Each task consists of a set of unique classes. The key feature of CIL is that no task identifier (or task-id) is…

This paper studies the challenging continual learning (CL) setting of Class Incremental Learning (CIL). CIL learns a sequence of tasks consisting of disjoint sets of concepts or classes. At any time, a single model is built that can be…

The dynamic expansion architecture is becoming popular in class incremental learning, mainly due to its advantages in alleviating catastrophic forgetting. However, task confusion is not well assessed within this framework, e.g., the…

Class-incremental learning (CIL) aims to develop a learning system that can continually learn new classes from a data stream without forgetting previously learned classes. When learning classes incrementally, the classifier must be…

Incremental learning attempts to develop a classifier which learns continuously from a stream of data segregated into different classes. Deep learning approaches suffer from catastrophic forgetting when learning classes incrementally, while…

Image-point class incremental learning helps the 3D-points-vision robots continually learn category knowledge from 2D images, improving their perceptual capability in dynamic environments. However, some incremental learning methods address…

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) trains a model to continually recognize new classes from non-stationary data while retaining learned knowledge. A major challenge of CIL arises when applying to real-world data characterized by non-uniform…

Continual learning (CL) learns a sequence of tasks incrementally. There are two popular CL settings, class incremental learning (CIL) and task incremental learning (TIL). A major challenge of CL is catastrophic forgetting (CF). While a…

In class-incremental learning, an agent with limited resources needs to learn a sequence of classification tasks, forming an ever growing classification problem, with the constraint of not being able to access data from previous tasks. The…

Class-incremental learning (CIL) has emerged as a means to learn new classes incrementally without catastrophic forgetting of previous classes. Recently, CIL has undergone a paradigm shift towards dynamic architectures due to their superior…

This paper studies class incremental learning (CIL) of continual learning (CL). Many approaches have been proposed to deal with catastrophic forgetting (CF) in CIL. Most methods incrementally construct a single classifier for all classes of…

New categories may be introduced over time, or existing categories may need to be reclassified. Class incremental learning (CIL) is employed for the gradual acquisition of knowledge about new categories while preserving information about…