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We compare the profit of the optimal third-degree price discrimination policy against a uniform pricing policy. A uniform pricing policy offers the same price to all segments of the market. Our main result establishes that for a broad class…

General Economics · Economics 2021-11-16 Dirk Bergemann , Francisco Castro , Gabriel Weintraub

We consider a generalization of the third degree price discrimination problem studied in Bergemann et al. (2015), where an intermediary between the buyer and the seller can design market segments to maximize any linear combination of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Rachel Cummings , Nikhil R. Devanur , Zhiyi Huang , Xiangning Wang

We build on theoretical results from the mechanism design literature to analyze empirical models of second-degree price discrimination (2PD). We show that for a random-coefficients discrete choice ("BLP") model to be suitable for studying…

General Economics · Economics 2025-10-03 Soheil Ghili , K. Sudhir , Nitish Jain , Ankur Garg

Selling a single item to $n$ self-interested buyers is a fundamental problem in economics, where the two objectives typically considered are welfare maximization and revenue maximization. Since the optimal mechanisms are often impractical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Billy Jin , Thomas Kesselheim , Will Ma , Sahil Singla

We study the problem of learning the optimal item pricing for a unit-demand buyer with independent item values, and the learner has query access to the buyer's value distributions. We consider two common query models in the literature: the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Yifeng Teng , Yifan Wang

This paper investigates third-degree price discrimination under endogenous market segmentation. Segmenting a market requires access to information about consumers, and this information comes with a cost. I explore the trade-offs between the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-06-11 Irfan Tekdir

We consider a model of third-degree price discrimination where the seller's product valuation is unknown to the market designer, who aims to maximize buyer surplus by revealing buyer valuation information. Our main result shows that the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-10 Itai Arieli , Yakov Babichenko , Omer Madmon , Moshe Tennenholtz

This study explores the prediction of high-frequency price changes using deep learning models. Although state-of-the-art methods perform well, their complexity impedes the understanding of successful predictions. We found that an…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-09-24 Kyungsub Lee

This work focuses on a specific classification problem, where the information about a sample is not readily available, but has to be acquired for a cost, and there is a per-sample budget. Inspired by real-world use-cases, we analyze average…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Jaromír Janisch , Tomáš Pevný , Viliam Lisý

We study prior-independent pricing for selling a single item to a single buyer when the seller observes only a single sample from the valuation distribution, while the buyer knows the distribution. Classical robust pricing approaches either…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Zhihao Gavin Tang , Yixin Tao , Shixin Wang

To choose between two discrete goods, a consumer pays attention to only those with prices below a threshold. From these, she chooses her most preferred good. We assume consumers in a population have the same preference but may have…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-11-07 Kaushil Patel

A seller is pricing identical copies of a good to a stream of unit-demand buyers. Each buyer has a value on the good as his private information. The seller only knows the empirical value distribution of the buyer population and chooses the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Siddhartha Banerjee , Kamesh Munagala , Yiheng Shen , Kangning Wang

Pricing decisions of companies require an understanding of the causal effect of a price change on the demand. When real-life pricing experiments are infeasible, data-driven decision-making must be based on alternative data sources such as…

Applications · Statistics 2024-07-03 Lauri Valkonen , Santtu Tikka , Jouni Helske , Juha Karvanen

In this paper, we study third-degree price discrimination in a model first presented by Bergemann, Brooks, and Morris [2015]. Since such price discrimination might create market segments with vastly different posted prices, we consider…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-10-20 Kamesh Munagala , Yiheng Shen , Renzhe Xu

This note revisits the analysis of third-degree price discrimination developed by Bergemann et al. (2015), which characterizes the set of consumer-producer surplus pairs that can be achieved through market segmentation. This was proved by…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-01-13 Keita Kuwahara

We study the problem when a firm sets prices for products based on the transaction data, i.e., which product past customers chose from an assortment and what were the historical prices that they observed. Our approach does not impose a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-03-18 Ningyuan Chen , Andre Cire , Ming Hu , Saman Lagzi

We study the problem of setting a price for a potential buyer with a valuation drawn from an unknown distribution $D$. The seller has "data"' about $D$ in the form of $m \ge 1$ i.i.d. samples, and the algorithmic challenge is to use these…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-02-12 Zhiyi Huang , Yishay Mansour , Tim Roughgarden

In the context of advertising auctions, finding good reserve prices is a notoriously challenging learning problem. This is due to the heterogeneity of ad opportunity types and the non-convexity of the objective function. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-07 Andrés Muñoz Medina , Sergei Vassilvitskii

We show that computing the revenue-optimal deterministic auction in unit-demand single-buyer Bayesian settings, i.e. the optimal item-pricing, is computationally hard even in single-item settings where the buyer's value distribution is a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-10 Constantinos Daskalakis , Alan Deckelbaum , Christos Tzamos

In this paper we investigate a dynamic pricing model for constant demand elasticity where customers have a probability distribution on the number of items they order. This is a generalization from standard models which restrict customers to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-01 Nyles Breecher , Richard Stockbridge
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