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Deep neural networks are currently among the most commonly used classifiers. Despite easily achieving very good performance, one of the best selling points of these models is their modular design - one can conveniently adapt their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Katarzyna Janocha , Wojciech Marian Czarnecki

With the increasing complexity of the traffic environment, the significance of safety perception in intelligent driving is intensifying. Traditional methods in the field of intelligent driving perception rely on deep learning, which suffers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Haobo Yang , Shiyan Zhang , Zhuoyi Yang , Xinyu Zhang , Jilong Guo , Zongyou Yang , Jun Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across various tasks. However, current training approaches combine standard cross-entropy loss with extensive data, human feedback, or ad hoc methods to enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Daniele Rege Cambrin , Giuseppe Gallipoli , Irene Benedetto , Luca Cagliero , Paolo Garza

Many loss functions have been derived from cross-entropy loss functions such as large-margin softmax loss and focal loss. The large-margin softmax loss makes the classification more rigorous and prevents overfitting. The focal loss…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Jiajie Chen

Medical images commonly exhibit multiple abnormalities. Predicting them requires multi-class classifiers whose training and desired reliable performance can be affected by a combination of factors, such as, dataset size, data source,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-16 Sivaramakrishnan Rajaraman , Ghada Zamzmi , Sameer Antani

Recently, substantial research efforts in Deep Metric Learning (DML) focused on designing complex pairwise-distance losses, which require convoluted schemes to ease optimization, such as sample mining or pair weighting. The standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Malik Boudiaf , Jérôme Rony , Imtiaz Masud Ziko , Eric Granger , Marco Pedersoli , Pablo Piantanida , Ismail Ben Ayed

Multi-view learning accomplishes the task objectives of classification by leverag-ing the relationships between different views of the same object. Most existing methods usually focus on consistency and complementarity between multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Jian-wei Liu , Yuan-fang Wang , Run-kun Lu , Xionglin Luo

This paper investigates the deep learning optimization problem with softmax cross-entropy loss. We propose a layer separation strategy to alleviate the strong nonconvexity encountered during training deep networks. For cross-entropy models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yaru Liu , Michael K. Ng , Yiqi Gu

In deep learning, classification tasks are formalized as optimization problems often solved via the minimization of the cross-entropy. However, recent advancements in the design of objective functions allow the usage of the $f$-divergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Nicola Novello , Andrea M. Tonello

Many tasks in natural language processing can be viewed as multi-label classification problems. However, most of the existing models are trained with the standard cross-entropy loss function and use a fixed prediction policy (e.g., a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Jiawei Wu , Wenhan Xiong , William Yang Wang

Neural-symbolic approaches have recently gained popularity to inject prior knowledge into a learner without requiring it to induce this knowledge from data. These approaches can potentially learn competitive solutions with a significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Giuseppe Marra , Francesco Giannini , Michelangelo Diligenti , Marco Maggini , Marco Gori

In this paper, we focus on the separability of classes with the cross-entropy loss function for classification problems by theoretically analyzing the intra-class distance and inter-class distance (i.e. the distance between any two points…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Rudrajit Das , Subhasis Chaudhuri

Many evaluation metrics can be used to assess the performance of models in binary classification tasks. However, most of them are derived from a confusion matrix in a non-differentiable form, making it very difficult to generate a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Doheon Han , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh V Chawla

Objective functions that optimize deep neural networks play a vital role in creating an enhanced feature representation of the input data. Although cross-entropy-based loss formulations have been extensively used in a variety of supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Deen Dayal Mohan , Bhavin Jawade , Srirangaraj Setlur , Venu Govindaraj

Nowadays, deep learning is the standard approach for a wide range of problems, including biometrics, such as face recognition and speech recognition, etc. Biometric problems often use deep learning models to extract features from images,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-14 Pedro Silva , Gladston Moreira , Vander Freitas , Rodrigo Silva , David Menotti , Eduardo Luz

Modern neural architectures for classification tasks are trained using the cross-entropy loss, which is widely believed to be empirically superior to the square loss. In this work we provide evidence indicating that this belief may not be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Like Hui , Mikhail Belkin

Miscalibration - a mismatch between a model's confidence and its correctness - of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) makes their predictions hard to rely on. Ideally, we want networks to be accurate, calibrated and confident. We show that, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Jishnu Mukhoti , Viveka Kulharia , Amartya Sanyal , Stuart Golodetz , Philip H. S. Torr , Puneet K. Dokania

The cross entropy loss is widely used due to its effectiveness and solid theoretical grounding. However, as training progresses, the loss tends to focus on hard to classify samples, which may prevent the network from obtaining gains in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Barak Battash , Lior Wolf , Tamir Hazan

All machine learning algorithms use a loss, cost, utility or reward function to encode the learning objective and oversee the learning process. This function that supervises learning is a frequently unrecognized hyperparameter that…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Mathew Mithra Noel , Arindam Banerjee , Yug Oswal , Geraldine Bessie Amali D , Venkataraman Muthiah-Nakarajan

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) trained with cross-entropy loss have proven to be extremely successful in classifying images. In recent years, much work has been done to also improve the theoretical understanding of neural networks.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-30 Michael Kohler , Sophie Langer