English
Related papers

Related papers: Systematicity, Compositionality and Transitivity o…

200 papers

The widespread deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified concerns about subtle social biases embedded in their outputs. Existing guardrails often fail when faced with indirect or contextually complex bias-inducing prompts.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Sina Salimian , Gias Uddin , Sumon Biswas , Henry Leung

A challenge towards developing NLP systems for the world's languages is understanding how they generalize to typological differences relevant for real-world applications. To this end, we propose M2C, a morphologically-aware framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Ester Hlavnova , Sebastian Ruder

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in metaphor interpretation across multiple datasets, tasks, and prompt configurations. Although metaphor processing has gained significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Elisa Sanchez-Bayona , Rodrigo Agerri

Recent strides in pretrained transformer-based language models have propelled state-of-the-art performance in numerous NLP tasks. Yet, as these models grow in size and deployment, their robustness under input perturbations becomes an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Wuxinlin Cheng , Yupeng Cao , Jinwen Wu , Koduvayur Subbalakshmi , Tian Han , Zhuo Feng

Deep learning (DL) frameworks are essential to DL-based software systems, and framework bugs may lead to substantial disasters, thus requiring effective testing. Researchers adopt DL models or single interfaces as test inputs and analyze…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Yanzhou Mu , Juan Zhai , Chunrong Fang , Xiang Chen , Zhixiang Cao , Peiran Yang , Kexin Zhao , An Guo , Zhenyu Chen

Sensitivity of deep-neural models to input noise is known to be a challenging problem. In NLP, model performance often deteriorates with naturally occurring noise, such as spelling errors. To mitigate this issue, models may leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Jakub Náplava , Martin Popel , Milan Straka , Jana Straková

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve strong performance on logical reasoning benchmarks, yet their reliability remains uncertain. Existing evaluations rely on static benchmarks, which fail to assess robustness under logically equivalent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zenghui Zhou , Man Li , Xiaoke Fang , Xinyi Zhou , Weibin Li , Zheng Zheng

Recent breakthroughs in NLP research, such as the advent of Transformer models have indisputably contributed to major advancements in several tasks. However, few works research robustness and explainability issues of their evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Maria Lymperaiou , George Manoliadis , Orfeas Menis Mastromichalakis , Edmund G. Dervakos , Giorgos Stamou

With the ever-increasing complexity of neural language models, practitioners have turned to methods for understanding the predictions of these models. One of the most well-adopted approaches for model interpretability is feature-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Muhammad Bilal Zafar , Michele Donini , Dylan Slack , Cédric Archambeau , Sanjiv Das , Krishnaram Kenthapadi

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of a variety of post-hoc interpretations that aim to uncover how natural language processing (NLP) models make predictions. Despite the surge of new interpretation methods, it remains an open…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Fan Yin , Zhouxing Shi , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Kai-Wei Chang

This article discusses the challenges of testing software systems with increasingly integrated AI and LLM functionalities. LLMs are powerful but unreliable, and labeled ground truth for testing rarely scales. Metamorphic Testing solves this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Valerio Terragni

Neural network models have achieved state-of-the-art performances in a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, a long-standing criticism against neural network models is the lack of interpretability, which not only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Xiaofei Sun , Diyi Yang , Xiaoya Li , Tianwei Zhang , Yuxian Meng , Han Qiu , Guoyin Wang , Eduard Hovy , Jiwei Li

Cross-lingual transfer has become a crucial aspect of multilingual NLP, as it allows for models trained on resource-rich languages to be applied to low-resource languages more effectively. Recently massively multilingual pre-trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ajitesh Bankula , Praney Bankula

Questions of fairness, robustness, and transparency are paramount to address before deploying NLP systems. Central to these concerns is the question of reliability: Can NLP systems reliably treat different demographics fairly and function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Samson Tan , Shafiq Joty , Kathy Baxter , Araz Taeihagh , Gregory A. Bennett , Min-Yen Kan

Developing explainability methods for Natural Language Processing (NLP) models is a challenging task, for two main reasons. First, the high dimensionality of the data (large number of tokens) results in low coverage and in turn small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Peyman Jalali , Nengfeng Zhou , Yufei Yu

Deep-learning-based NLP models are found to be vulnerable to word substitution perturbations. Before they are widely adopted, the fundamental issues of robustness need to be addressed. Along this line, we propose a formal framework to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Yuting Yang , Pei Huang , FeiFei Ma , Juan Cao , Meishan Zhang , Jian Zhang , Jintao Li

In safety-critical deep learning applications, robustness measures the ability of neural models that handle imperceptible perturbations in input data, which may lead to potential safety hazards. Existing pre-deployment robustness assessment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Wenchuan Mu , Kwan Hui Lim

Compositionality is a widely discussed property of natural languages, although its exact definition has been elusive. We focus on the proposal that compositionality can be assessed by measuring meaning-form correlation. We analyze…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Timothee Mickus , Timothée Bernard , Denis Paperno

This paper proposes a strategy to assess the robustness of different machine learning models that involve natural language processing (NLP). The overall approach relies upon a Search and Semantically Replace strategy that consists of two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Rahul Singh , Karan Jindal , Yufei Yu , Hanyu Yang , Tarun Joshi , Matthew A. Campbell , Wayne B. Shoumaker

Metamorphic testing seeks to verify software in the absence of test oracles. Our application domain is ocean system modeling, where test oracles rarely exist, but where symmetries of the simulated physical systems are known. The input data…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Dilip Jagadeeshwarswamy Hiremath , Martin Claus , Wilhelm Hasselbring , Willi Rath