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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) became useful for learning on non-Euclidean data. However, their best performance depends on choosing the right model architecture and the training objective, also called the loss function. Researchers have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Khushnood Abbas , Ruizhe Hou , Zhou Wengang , Dong Shi , Niu Ling , Satyaki Nan , Alireza Abbasi

All machine learning algorithms use a loss, cost, utility or reward function to encode the learning objective and oversee the learning process. This function that supervises learning is a frequently unrecognized hyperparameter that…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Mathew Mithra Noel , Arindam Banerjee , Yug Oswal , Geraldine Bessie Amali D , Venkataraman Muthiah-Nakarajan

In machine learning and statistical modeling, the mean square or absolute error is commonly used as an error metric, also called a "loss function." While effective in reducing the average error, this approach may fail to address localized…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-10 John M. Hanna , Hugues Talbot , Irene E. Vignon-Clementel

Recent developments in AI have made it ubiquitous, every industry is trying to adopt some form of intelligent processing of their data. Despite so many advances in the field, AIs full capability is yet to be exploited by the industry.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Vishal Rajput

In neural networks, the loss function represents the core of the learning process that leads the optimizer to an approximation of the optimal convergence error. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) use the loss function as a supervisory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Riccardo La Grassa , Ignazio Gallo , Nicola Landro

Dynamical loss functions are derived from standard loss functions used in supervised classification tasks, but are modified so that the contribution from each class periodically increases and decreases. These oscillations globally alter the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Eduardo Lavin Pallero , Miguel Ruiz-Garcia

Recently, deep learning-based algorithms are widely adopted due to the advantage of being able to establish anomaly detection models without or with minimal domain knowledge of the task. Instead, to train the artificial neural network more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 YeongHyeon Park

We show that learning can be improved by using loss functions that evolve cyclically during training to emphasize one class at a time. In underparameterized networks, such dynamical loss functions can lead to successful training for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Miguel Ruiz-Garcia , Ge Zhang , Samuel S. Schoenholz , Andrea J. Liu

Modern neural architectures for classification tasks are trained using the cross-entropy loss, which is widely believed to be empirically superior to the square loss. In this work we provide evidence indicating that this belief may not be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Like Hui , Mikhail Belkin

In this paper, we develop upon the emerging topic of loss function learning, which aims to learn loss functions that significantly improve the performance of the models trained under them. Specifically, we propose a new meta-learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Christian Raymond , Qi Chen , Bing Xue , Mengjie Zhang

Highly increased interest in Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have resulted in impressively wide-ranging improvements in its structure. In this work, we come up with the idea that instead of static plugins that the currently available loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Aditya Shrivastava

The generalization performance of deep neural networks with regard to the optimization algorithm is one of the major concerns in machine learning. This performance can be affected by various factors. In this paper, we theoretically prove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Mohammad Lashkari , Amin Gheibi

This paper investigates the impact of the loss function in value-based methods for reinforcement learning through an analysis of underlying prediction objectives. We theoretically show that mean absolute error is a better prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Alex Ayoub , David Szepesvári , Alireza Bakhtiari , Csaba Szepesvári , Dale Schuurmans

Loss function learning is a new meta-learning paradigm that aims to automate the essential task of designing a loss function for a machine learning model. Existing techniques for loss function learning have shown promising results, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Christian Raymond , Qi Chen , Bing Xue , Mengjie Zhang

Deep Metric Learning (DML) learns a non-linear semantic embedding from input data that brings similar pairs together while keeping dissimilar data away from each other. To this end, many different methods are proposed in the last decade…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Davood Zabihzadeh , Zahraa Alitbi , Seyed Jalaleddin Mousavirad

Cross-entropy loss is the standard metric used to train classification models in deep learning and gradient boosting. It is well-known that this loss function fails to account for similarities between the different values of the target. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-16 Brian Lucena

The logcosh loss function for neural networks has been developed to combine the advantage of the absolute error loss function of not overweighting outliers with the advantage of the mean square error of continuous derivative near the mean,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Thilo Moshagen , Nihal Acharya Adde , Ajay Navilarekal Rajgopal

Synthetic data has emerged as a cost-effective alternative to real data for training artificial neural networks (ANN). However, the disparity between synthetic and real data results in a domain gap. That gap leads to poor performance and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Paul Wachter , Lukas Niehaus , Julius Schöning

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are widely used for image classification in a variety of fields, including medical imaging. While most studies deploy cross-entropy as the loss function in such tasks, a growing number of approaches have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Vasileios Baltatzis , Loic Le Folgoc , Sam Ellis , Octavio E. Martinez Manzanera , Kyriaki-Margarita Bintsi , Arjun Nair , Sujal Desai , Ben Glocker , Julia A. Schnabel

The cross entropy loss is widely used due to its effectiveness and solid theoretical grounding. However, as training progresses, the loss tends to focus on hard to classify samples, which may prevent the network from obtaining gains in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Barak Battash , Lior Wolf , Tamir Hazan
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