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With the emergence of large-scale vision-language models, realistic radiology reports may be generated using only medical images as input guided by simple prompts. However, their practical utility has been limited due to the factual errors…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 R. Mahmood , K. C. L. Wong , D. M. Reyes , N. D'Souza , L. Shi , J. Wu , P. Kaviani , M. Kalra , G. Wang , P. Yan , T. Syeda-Mahmood

Chest X-ray imaging is a widely accessible and non-invasive diagnostic tool for detecting thoracic abnormalities. While numerous AI models assist radiologists in interpreting these images, most overlook patients' historical data. To bridge…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-28 Haoxu Huang , Cem M. Deniz , Kyunghyun Cho , Sumit Chopra , Divyam Madaan

Explainable AI (XAI) can greatly enhance user trust and satisfaction in AI-assisted decision-making processes. Recent findings suggest that a single explainer may not meet the diverse needs of multiple users in an AI system; indeed, even…

Automated diagnosis prediction from medical images is a valuable resource to support clinical decision-making. However, such systems usually need to be trained on large amounts of annotated data, which often is scarce in the medical domain.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Chantal Pellegrini , Matthias Keicher , Ege Özsoy , Petra Jiraskova , Rickmer Braren , Nassir Navab

Compared with chest X-ray (CXR) imaging, which is a single image projected from the front of the patient, chest digital tomosynthesis (CDTS) imaging can be more advantageous for lung lesion detection because it acquires multiple images…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-29 Kyung-Su Kim , Ju Hwan Lee , Seong Je Oh , Myung Jin Chung

The use of smartphones to take photographs of chest x-rays represents an appealing solution for scaled deployment of deep learning models for chest x-ray interpretation. However, the performance of chest x-ray algorithms on photos of chest…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-13 Pranav Rajpurkar , Anirudh Joshi , Anuj Pareek , Jeremy Irvin , Andrew Y. Ng , Matthew Lungren

The growing attention to artificial intelligence-based applications has led to research interest in explainability issues. This emerging research attention on explainable AI (XAI) advocates the need to investigate end user-centric…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-07 AKM Bahalul Haque , A. K. M. Najmul Islam , Patrick Mikalef

Despite much promising research in the area of artificial intelligence for medical image diagnosis, there has been no large-scale validation study done in Thailand to confirm the accuracy and utility of such algorithms when applied to local…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-13 Isarun Chamveha , Trongtum Tongdee , Pairash Saiviroonporn , Warasinee Chaisangmongkon

Last years have been characterized by an upsurge of opaque automatic decision support systems, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). Although they have great generalization and prediction skills, their functioning does not allow obtaining…

Deep learning has advanced medical image classification, but interpretability challenges hinder its clinical adoption. This study enhances interpretability in Chest X-ray (CXR) classification by using concept bottleneck models (CBMs) and a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Hasan Md Tusfiqur Alam , Devansh Srivastav , Md Abdul Kadir , Daniel Sonntag

Recent developments in medical imaging with Deep Learning presents evidence of automated diagnosis and prognosis. It can also be a complement to currently available diagnosis methods. Deep Learning can be leveraged for diagnosis, severity…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-04 Aniket Maurya

Objective: Breast cancer screening is of great significance in contemporary women's health prevention. The existing machines embedded in the AI system do not reach the accuracy that clinicians hope. How to make intelligent systems more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Jian Dai , Shuge Lei , Licong Dong , Xiaona Lin , Huabin Zhang , Desheng Sun , Kehong Yuan

Objectives: To compare artificial intelligence (AI) as a second reader in detecting lung nodules on chest X-rays (CXR) versus radiologists of two binational institutions, and to evaluate AI performance when using two different modes:…

The application of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical imaging has revolutionized diagnostic practices, enabling advanced analysis and interpretation of radiological data. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Zhijin He , Alan B. McMillan

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), pneumonia is a disease that causes a significant number of deaths each year. In response to this issue, the development of a decision support system for the classification of patients into…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-06 Carlos Arizmendi , Jorge Pinto , Alejandro Arboleda , Hernando González

Many visualizations have been developed for explainable AI (XAI), but they often require further reasoning by users to interpret. Investigating XAI for high-stakes medical diagnosis, we propose improving domain alignment with diagrammatic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Brian Y. Lim , Joseph P. Cahaly , Chester Y. F. Sng , Adam Chew

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is essential for the transparency and clinical adoption of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS). However, the real-world effectiveness of existing XAI methods remains limited and is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Alessandro Gambetti , Qiwei Han , Hong Shen , Claudia Soares

Recent advances in training deep learning models have demonstrated the potential to provide accurate chest X-ray interpretation and increase access to radiology expertise. However, poor generalization due to data distribution shifts in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-23 Pranav Rajpurkar , Anirudh Joshi , Anuj Pareek , Andrew Y. Ng , Matthew P. Lungren

The chest X-ray (CXR) is commonly employed to diagnose thoracic illnesses, but the challenge of achieving accurate automatic diagnosis through this method persists due to the complex relationship between pathology. In recent years, various…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-23 Weizhi Nie , Chen Zhang , Dan song , Yunpeng Bai , Keliang Xie , Anan Liu

This study investigates clinicians' perceptions and attitudes toward an assistive artificial intelligence (AI) system that employs a speech-based explainable ML algorithm for detecting depression. The AI system detects depression from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Kexin Feng , Theodora Chaspari