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Twenty years ago, construction began on the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). Advanced LIGO, with a factor of ten better design sensitivity than Initial LIGO, will begin taking data this year, and should soon make…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-15 Sheila E. Dwyer , Daniel Sigg , Stefan Ballmer , Lisa Barsotti , Nergis Mavalvala , Matthew Evans

We present two projects aiming to probe key aspects of the theory of General Relativity with high-precision quantum sensors. These projects use cold-atom interferometry with the aim of measuring gravitational waves and testing the…

A brief history and various themes of mid-frequency gravitational wave detection are presented more or less following historical order -- Laser Interferometry, Atom Interferometry (AI), Torsion Bar Antenna (TOBA), and Superconducting…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-14 Wei-Tou Ni

Atom interferometers (AIs) on earth and in space offer good capabilities for measuring gravitational waves (GWs) in the mid-frequency deciHz band, complementing the sensitivities of the LIGO/Virgo and LISA experiments and enabling probes of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-01 John Ellis , Ville Vaskonen

We study the use of atom interferometers as detectors for gravitational waves in the mHz - Hz frequency band, which is complementary to planned optical interferometers, such as laser interferometer gravitational wave observatories (LIGOs)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-06-02 Michael Hohensee , Shau-Yu Lan , Rachel Houtz , Cheong Chan , Brian Estey , Geena Kim , Pei-Chen Kuan , Holger Mueller

Atom interferometry offers new perspectives for geophysics and inertial sensing. We present the industrial prototype of a new type of quantum-based instrument: a compact, transportable, differential quantum gravimeter capable of measuring…

Gravitational wave detection has transformed astrophysics, granting us direct access to black hole mergers, neutron star collisions, and the cataclysms of stellar death. Yet the great observatories of today, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-25 Farhad Hakimi , Hosain Hakimi

The theory of linear quantum measurement has been developed for analysing the sensitivities of experimental devices that measure extremely weak signals, such as gravitational waves. It has successfully contributed to the theoretical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-25 Yiqiu Ma , Xiang Li , Shengjun Yang , Yanbei Chen

KAGRA is a cryogenic interferometric gravitational wave detector being constructed at the underground site of Kamioka mine in Gifu prefecture, Japan. We performed an optimization of the interferomter design, to achieve the best sensitivity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-16 Yoichi Aso , Yuta Michimura , Kentaro Somiya , Masaki Ando , Osamu Miyakawa , Takanori Sekiguchi , Daisuke Tatsumi , Hiroaki Yamamoto

Gravitational wave (GW) astronomy has revolutionized our capacity to explore nature. The next generation of observatories, among which the space-borne detector Laser Interferometer Space Antenna LISA, is expected to yield orders of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-06 Henri Inchauspé , Silvia Gasparotto , Diego Blas , Lavinia Heisenberg , Jann Zosso , Shubhanshu Tiwari

Since the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for the observation of gravitational waves, it is fair to say that the epoch of gravitational wave astronomy (GWs) has begun. However, a number of interesting sources of GWs can only be…

We investigate the possible bounds which could be placed on alternative theories of gravity using gravitational wave detection from inspiralling compact binaries with the proposed LISA space interferometer. Specifically, we estimate lower…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Clifford M Will , Nicolas Yunes

We present an approach to experimentally evaluate gravity gradient noise, a potentially limiting noise source in advanced interferometric gravitational wave (GW) detectors. In addition, the method can be used to provide sub-percent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 L. Matone , P. Raffai , S. Marka , R. Grossman , P. Kalmus , Z. Marka , J. Rollins , V. Sannibale

All modern routes leading to a quantum theory of gravity -- i.e., perturbative quantum gravitational one-loop exact correction to the global chiral current in the standard model, string theory, and perhaps even loop quantum gravity --…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-13 Nicolas Yunes , Lee Samuel Finn

We assess the science reach and technical feasibility of a satellite mission based on precision atomic sensors configured to detect gravitational radiation. Conceptual advances in the past three years indicate that a two-satellite…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-08 Peter W. Graham , Jason M. Hogan , Mark A. Kasevich , Surjeet Rajendran , Roger W. Romani

This document briefly describes the noise models and shapes used for the synthesis of the Drag-Free and Attitude Control System in the LISA space mission. LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) is one of the next large-class missions…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-07 Michele Pagone , Carlo Novara

We present the design, control system, and noise analysis of a 6-axis seismometer comprising a mass suspended by a single fused silica fibre. We utilise custom-made, compact Michelson interferometers for the readout of the mass motion…

We make the case for the early development of a Mid-Frequency-Band (MFB) gravitational wave (GW) observatory in geosynchronous orbit (73,000 km arm), optimized for the frequency band 10 mHz to 1 Hz. MFB bridges the science acquisition…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-09 Peter F. Michelson , Robert L. Byer , Sasha Buchman , Ilya Mandel , John Lipa , Shally Saraf

Gravitational wave astronomy has recently emerged as a new way to study our Universe. In this work, we survey the potential of gravitational wave interferometers to detect macroscopic astrophysical objects comprising the dark matter.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-04 Joerg Jaeckel , Sebastian Schenk , Michael Spannowsky

The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna (LGWA) is a proposed array of next-generation inertial sensors to monitor the response of the Moon to gravitational waves (GWs). Given the size of the Moon and the expected noise produced by the lunar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-07 Parameswaran Ajith , Pau Amaro Seoane , Manuel Arca Sedda , Riccardo Arcodia , Francesca Badaracco , Biswajit Banerjee , Enis Belgacem , Giovanni Benetti , Stefano Benetti , Alexey Bobrick , Alessandro Bonforte , Elisa Bortolas , Valentina Braito , Marica Branchesi , Adam Burrows , Enrico Cappellaro , Roberto Della Ceca , Chandrachur Chakraborty , Shreevathsa Chalathadka Subrahmanya , Michael W. Coughlin , Stefano Covino , Andrea Derdzinski , Aayushi Doshi , Maurizio Falanga , Stefano Foffa , Alessia Franchini , Alessandro Frigeri , Yoshifumi Futaana , Oliver Gerberding , Kiranjyot Gill , Matteo Di Giovanni , Ines Francesca Giudice , Margherita Giustini , Philipp Gläser , Jan Harms , Joris van Heijningen , Francesco Iacovelli , Bradley J. Kavanagh , Taichi Kawamura , Arun Kenath , Elisabeth-Adelheid Keppler , Chiaki Kobayashi , Goro Komatsu , Valeriya Korol , N. V. Krishnendu , Prayush Kumar , Francesco Longo , Michele Maggiore , Michele Mancarella , Andrea Maselli , Alessandra Mastrobuono-Battisti , Francesco Mazzarini , Andrea Melandri , Daniele Melini , Sabrina Menina , Giovanni Miniutti , Deeshani Mitra , Javier Morán-Fraile , Suvodip Mukherjee , Niccolò Muttoni , Marco Olivieri , Francesca Onori , Maria Alessandra Papa , Ferdinando Patat , Andrea Perali , Tsvi Piran , Silvia Piranomonte , Alberto Roper Pol , Masroor C. Pookkillath , R. Prasad , Vaishak Prasad , Alessandra De Rosa , Sourav Roy Chowdhury , Roberto Serafinelli , Alberto Sesana , Paola Severgnini , Angela Stallone , Jacopo Tissino , Hrvoje Tkalčić , Lina Tomasella , Martina Toscani , David Vartanyan , Cristian Vignali , Lucia Zaccarelli , Morgane Zeoli , Luciano Zuccarello