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Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) has proven to be highly effective in boosting the generative performance of language model in knowledge-intensive tasks. However, existing RAG framework either indiscriminately perform retrieval or rely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Xiaqiang Tang , Qiang Gao , Jian Li , Nan Du , Qi Li , Sihong Xie

Time-constrained decision processes have been ubiquitous in many fundamental applications in physics, biology and computer science. Recently, restart strategies have gained significant attention for boosting the efficiency of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Semih Cayci , Atilla Eryilmaz , R. Srikant

We study the stochastic Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) problem with random delays in the feedback received by the algorithm. We consider two settings: the reward-dependent delay setting, where realized delays may depend on the stochastic rewards,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Tal Lancewicki , Shahar Segal , Tomer Koren , Yishay Mansour

Managers, employers, policymakers, and others often seek to understand whether decisions are biased against certain groups. One popular analytic strategy is to estimate disparities after adjusting for observed covariates, typically with a…

Applications · Statistics 2024-01-29 Jongbin Jung , Sam Corbett-Davies , Johann D. Gaebler , Ravi Shroff , Sharad Goel

We obtain essentially tight upper bounds for a strengthened notion of regret in the stochastic linear bandits framework. The strengthening -- referred to as Nash regret -- is defined as the difference between the (a priori unknown) optimum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Ayush Sawarni , Soumybrata Pal , Siddharth Barman

This paper addresses the exploration-exploitation dilemma inherent in decision-making, focusing on multi-armed bandit problems. The problems involve an agent deciding whether to exploit current knowledge for immediate gains or explore new…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-06 Alex Barbier-Chebbah , Christian L. Vestergaard , Jean-Baptiste Masson

Preventing poaching through ranger patrols protects endangered wildlife, directly contributing to the UN Sustainable Development Goal 15 of life on land. Combinatorial bandits have been used to allocate limited patrol resources, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Lily Xu , Arpita Biswas , Fei Fang , Milind Tambe

We present a formal model of human decision-making in explore-exploit tasks using the context of multi-armed bandit problems, where the decision-maker must choose among multiple options with uncertain rewards. We address the standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-23 Paul Reverdy , Vaibhav Srivastava , Naomi E. Leonard

Selecting the best large language model (LLM) for a fixed benchmark is often expensive, since exhaustive evaluation requires running every model on every example. Multi-armed bandit (MAB) algorithms can reduce the number of LLM calls by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Elad Tolochinsky , Yaniv Tenzer , Yaniv Romano

Online decision-making can be formulated as the popular stochastic multi-armed bandit problem where a learner makes decisions (or takes actions) to maximize cumulative rewards collected from an unknown environment. This paper proposes to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-26 Jonathan Gornet , Mehdi Hosseinzadeh , Bruno Sinopoli

We study the problem of incentivizing exploration for myopic users in linear bandits, where the users tend to exploit arm with the highest predicted reward instead of exploring. In order to maximize the long-term reward, the system offers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Huazheng Wang , Haifeng Xu , Chuanhao Li , Zhiyuan Liu , Hongning Wang

We consider a stochastic multi-armed bandit setting where reward must be actively queried for it to be observed. We provide tight lower and upper problem-dependent guarantees on both the regret and the number of queries. Interestingly, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Nadav Merlis , Yonathan Efroni , Shie Mannor

We study the stochastic combinatorial semi-bandit problem with unrestricted feedback delays under merit-based fairness constraints. This is motivated by applications such as crowdsourcing, and online advertising, where immediate feedback is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Ziqun Chen , Kechao Cai , Zhuoyue Chen , Jinbei Zhang , John C. S. Lui

We study the best-arm identification problem in multi-armed bandits with stochastic, potentially private rewards, when the goal is to identify the arm with the highest quantile at a fixed, prescribed level. First, we propose a (non-private)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-06 Kontantinos E. Nikolakakis , Dionysios S. Kalogerias , Or Sheffet , Anand D. Sarwate

The bandit paradigm provides a unified modeling framework for problems that require decision-making under uncertainty. Because many business metrics can be viewed as rewards (a.k.a. utilities) that result from actions, bandit algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Bram van den Akker , Olivier Jeunen , Ying Li , Ben London , Zahra Nazari , Devesh Parekh

We study the optimal trade-off between expectation and tail risk for regret distribution in the stochastic multi-armed bandit model. We fully characterize the interplay among three desired properties for policy design: worst-case…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-27 David Simchi-Levi , Zeyu Zheng , Feng Zhu

We consider a novel variant of the contextual bandit problem (i.e., the multi-armed bandit with side-information, or context, available to a decision-maker) where the reward associated with each context-based decision may not always be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Djallel Bouneffouf , Sohini Upadhyay , Yasaman Khazaeni

While many multi-armed bandit algorithms assume that rewards for all arms are constant across rounds, this assumption does not hold in many real-world scenarios. This paper considers the setting of recovering bandits (Pike-Burke &…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Yuto Tanimoto , Kenji Fukumizu

The stochastic multi-armed bandit setting has been recently studied in the non-stationary regime, where the mean payoff of each action is a non-decreasing function of the number of rounds passed since it was last played. This model captures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Orestis Papadigenopoulos , Constantine Caramanis , Sanjay Shakkottai

Multi-armed bandits (MAB) model sequential decision making problems, in which a learner sequentially chooses arms with unknown reward distributions in order to maximize its cumulative reward. Most of the prior work on MAB assumes that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-22 Onur Atan , Cem Tekin , Mihaela van der Schaar