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Refactoring is a well-known technique that is widely adopted by software engineers to improve the design and enable the evolution of a system. Knowing which refactoring operations were applied in a code change is a valuable information to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Danilo Silva , Marco Tulio Valente

Code changes are an integral part of the software development process. Many code changes are meant to improve the code without changing its functional behavior, e.g., refactorings and performance improvements. Unfortunately, validating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Lars Gröninger , Beatriz Souza , Michael Pradel

Software development agents such as Claude Code, GitHub Copilot, Cursor Agent, Devin, and OpenAI Codex are being increasingly integrated into developer workflows. While prior work has evaluated agent capabilities for code completion and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lukas Ottenhof , Daniel Penner , Abram Hindle , Thibaud Lutellier

An essential part of software maintenance and evolution, refactoring is performed by developers, regardless of technology or domain, to improve the internal quality of the system, and reduce its technical debt. However, choosing the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Anthony Peruma , Steven Simmons , Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Christian D. Newman , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Ali Ouni

This report investigates the relationship between software refactoring and behavior preservation. Existing behavior preservation analyses often lack comprehensive insights into refactoring rejections and do not provide actionable solutions.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Wouter Brinksma , William Wernsen , Evert Verduin , Herman Hilberink , Patrick de Beer , Lex Bijlsma , Harrie Passier

Decisions on which classes to refactor are fraught with difficulty. The problem of identifying candidate classes becomes acute when confronted with large systems comprising hundreds or thousands of classes. In this paper, we describe a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Richard Wheeldon , Steve Counsell

We present a novel approach to detect refactoring opportunities by measuring the participation of references between types in instances of patterns representing design flaws. This technique is validated using an experiment where we analyse…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2011-03-17 Jens Dietrich , Catherine McCartin , Ewan Tempero , Syed M. Ali Shah

To refactor already working code while keeping reliability, compatibility and perhaps security, we can borrow ideas from micropass/nanopass compilers. By treating the procedure of software refactoring as composing code transformations, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Yu Liu

Programming problems can be solved in a multitude of functionally correct ways, but the quality of these solutions (e.g. readability, maintainability) can vary immensely. When code quality is poor, symptoms emerge in the form of 'code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Ivan Tan , Christopher M. Poskitt

Large language models (LLMs) have gained widespread popularity and have steadily improved over time, enabling software developers to use them for various code-related tasks. One common task is code refactoring, where the LLM suggests…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-07 David Schön , Faiza Amjad , Tehreem Asif , Ranim Khojah , Mazen Mohamad , Francisco Gomes de Oliveira Neto , Philipp Leitner

In this short paper, we explore a new way to refactor a simple but tricky-to-parallelize tree-traversal algorithm to harness multicore parallelism. Crucially, the refactoring draws from some classic techniques from programming-languages…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Mike Rainey

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for automated code refactoring tasks. Although these models can quickly refactor code, the quality may exhibit inconsistencies and unpredictable behavior. In this article, we systematically…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Norman Peitek , Julia Hess , Sven Apel

Source code is changed for a reason, e.g., to adapt, correct, or adapt it. This reason can provide valuable insight into the development process but is rarely explicitly documented when the change is committed to a source code repository.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Sebastian Hönel , Morgan Ericsson , Welf Löwe , Anna Wingkvist

Background: Search-based refactoring involves searching for a sequence of refactorings to achieve specific objectives. Although a typical objective is improving code quality, a different perspective is also required; the searched sequence…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Lei Chen , Shinpei Hayashi

Refactoring is a maintenance activity that aims to improve design quality while preserving the behavior of a system. Several (semi)automated approaches have been proposed to support developers in this maintenance activity, based on the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Rodrigo Morales , Foutse Khomh , Giuliano Antoniol

With the rapid development of deep learning, the implementation of intricate algorithms and substantial data processing have become standard elements of deep learning projects. As a result, the code has become progressively complex as the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Siqi Wang , Xing Hu , Bei Wang , Wenxin Yao , Xin Xia , Xinyu Wang

For large software systems, refactoring activities can be a challenging task, since for keeping component complexity under control the overall architecture as well as many details of each component have to be considered. Product metrics are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-08-20 Christian Napoli , Giuseppe Pappalardo , Emiliano Tramontana

Refactoring is a critical process in software development, aiming at improving the internal structure of code while preserving its external behavior. Refactoring engines are integral components of modern Integrated Development Environments…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Haibo Wang , Zhuolin Xu , Huaien Zhang , Nikolaos Tsantalis , Shin Hwei Tan

Code smell is a great challenge in software refactoring, which indicates latent design or implementation flaws that may degrade the software maintainability and evolution. Over the past decades, a variety of refactoring approaches have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 HanYu Zhang , Tomoji Kishi

Code refactoring is a fundamental software engineering practice aimed at improving code quality and maintainability. Despite its importance, developers often neglect refactoring due to the significant time, effort, and resources it…