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Deep models for facial expression recognition achieve high performance by training on large-scale labeled data. However, publicly available datasets contain uncertain facial expressions caused by ambiguous annotations or confusing emotions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Yang Liu , Xingming Zhang , Janne Kauttonen , Guoying Zhao

Most facial expression recognition (FER) models are trained on large-scale expression data with centralized learning. Unfortunately, collecting a large amount of centralized expression data is difficult in practice due to privacy concerns…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Hu Ding , Yan Yan , Yang Lu , Jing-Hao Xue , Hanzi Wang

Action Unit (AU) Detection is the branch of affective computing that aims at recognizing unitary facial muscular movements. It is key to unlock unbiased computational face representations and has therefore aroused great interest in the past…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Gauthier Tallec , Edouard Yvinec , Arnaud Dapogny , Kevin Bailly

Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition(DFER) is a rapidly evolving field of research that focuses on the recognition of time-series facial expressions. While previous research on DFER has concentrated on feature learning from a deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Feng Liu , Lingna Gu , Chen Shi , Xiaolan Fu

Facial action units (AUs) recognition is essential for emotion analysis and has been widely applied in mental state analysis. Existing work on AU recognition usually requires big face dataset with AU labels; however, manual AU annotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Xuesong Niu , Hu Han , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

The performance of a computer vision model depends on the size and quality of its training data. Recent studies have unveiled previously-unknown composition biases in common image datasets which then lead to skewed model outputs, and have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Yunliang Chen , Jungseock Joo

Despite the success of deep neural networks on facial action unit (AU) detection, better performance depends on a large number of training images with accurate AU annotations. However, labeling AU is time-consuming, expensive, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Yong Li , Shiguang Shan

Facial action unit (AU) detection remains challenging because it involves heterogeneous, AU-specific uncertainties arising at both the representation and decision stages. Recent methods have improved discriminative feature learning, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yuze Li , Zhilei Liu

Despite significant progress over the past few years, ambiguity is still a key challenge in Facial Expression Recognition (FER). It can lead to noisy and inconsistent annotation, which hinders the performance of deep learning models in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-22 Nhat Le , Khanh Nguyen , Quang Tran , Erman Tjiputra , Bac Le , Anh Nguyen

Since Facial Action Unit (AU) annotations require domain expertise, common AU datasets only contain a limited number of subjects. As a result, a crucial challenge for AU detection is addressing identity overfitting. We find that AUs and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Zhipeng Hu , Wei Zhang , Lincheng Li , Yu Ding , Wei Chen , Zhigang Deng , Xin Yu

Recognizing human emotion/expressions automatically is quite an expected ability for intelligent robotics, as it can promote better communication and cooperation with humans. Current deep-learning-based algorithms may achieve impressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Tao Pu , Tianshui Chen , Yuan Xie , Hefeng Wu , Liang Lin

The domain diversities including inconsistent annotation and varied image collection conditions inevitably exist among different facial expression recognition (FER) datasets, which pose an evident challenge for adapting the FER model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Kai Wang , Yuxin Gu , Xiaojiang Peng , Panpan Zhang , Baigui Sun , Hao Li

In recent years, Facial Expression Recognition (FER) has gained increasing attention. Most current work focuses on supervised learning, which requires a large amount of labeled and diverse images, while FER suffers from the scarcity of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Jie Song , Mengqiao He , Jinhua Feng , Bairong Shen

The automatic intensity estimation of facial action units (AUs) from a single image plays a vital role in facial analysis systems. One big challenge for data-driven AU intensity estimation is the lack of sufficient AU label data. Due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Xinhui Song , Tianyang Shi , Tianjia Shao , Yi Yuan , Zunlei Feng , Changjie Fan

Facial Action Unit (AU) detection is a crucial task in affective computing and social robotics as it helps to identify emotions expressed through facial expressions. Anatomically, there are innumerable correlations between AUs, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Xin Liu , Kaishen Yuan , Xuesong Niu , Jingang Shi , Zitong Yu , Huanjing Yue , Jingyu Yang

Deep learning vision models excel with abundant supervision, but many applications face label scarcity and class imbalance. Controllable image editing can augment scarce labeled data, yet edits often introduce artifacts and entangle…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Joris Kirchner , Amogh Gudi , Marian Bittner , Chirag Raman

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) suffers from data uncertainties caused by ambiguous facial images and annotators' subjectiveness, resulting in excursive semantic and feature covariate shifting problem. Existing works usually correct…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Yangtao Du , Qingqing Wang , Yujie Xiong

Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is an important task in computer vision and has wide applications in human-computer interaction, intelligent security, emotion analysis, and other fields. However, the limited size of FER datasets limits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Jun Yu , Zhongpeng Cai , Renda Li , Gongpeng Zhao , Guochen Xie , Jichao Zhu , Wangyuan Zhu

This paper describes an approach to the facial action units detections. The involved action units (AU) include AU1 (Inner Brow Raiser), AU2 (Outer Brow Raiser), AU4 (Brow Lowerer), AU6 (Cheek Raise), AU12 (Lip Corner Puller), AU15 (Lip…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Xianpeng Ji , Yu Ding , Lincheng Li , Yu Chen , Changjie Fan

Facial action units allow an objective, standardized description of facial micro movements which can be used to describe emotions in human faces. Annotating data for action units is an expensive and time-consuming task, which leads to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Jaspar Pahl , Ines Rieger , Dominik Seuss
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