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Path-based relational reasoning over knowledge graphs has become increasingly popular due to a variety of downstream applications such as question answering in dialogue systems, fact prediction, and recommender systems. In recent years,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-16 Mandana Saebi , Steven Krieg , Chuxu Zhang , Meng Jiang , Nitesh Chawla

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as powerful tools to encode graph-structured data. Due to their broad applications, there is an increasing need to develop tools to explain how GNNs make decisions given graph-structured data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Yaochen Xie , Sumeet Katariya , Xianfeng Tang , Edward Huang , Nikhil Rao , Karthik Subbian , Shuiwang Ji

Our proposed framework attempts to break the trade-off between performance and explainability by introducing an explainable-by-design convolutional neural network (CNN) based on the lateral inhibition mechanism. The ExplaiNet model consists…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Pantelis I. Kaplanoglou , Konstantinos Diamantaras

Graph-based causal discovery methods aim to capture conditional independencies consistent with the observed data and differentiate causal relationships from indirect or induced ones. Successful construction of graphical models of data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-08 Boris Hayete , Fred Gruber , Anna Decker , Raymond Yan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), originally proposed for node classification, have also motivated many recent works on edge prediction (a.k.a., link prediction). However, existing methods lack elaborate design regarding the distinctions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Jiarui Jin , Yangkun Wang , Weinan Zhang , Quan Gan , Xiang Song , Yong Yu , Zheng Zhang , David Wipf

The exploration of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for processing graph-structured data has expanded, particularly their potential for causal analysis due to their universal approximation capabilities. Anticipated to significantly enhance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Simi Job , Xiaohui Tao , Taotao Cai , Lin Li , Haoran Xie , Jianming Yong

Link prediction in structured-data is an important problem for many applications, especially for recommendation systems. Existing methods focus on how to learn the node representation based on graph-based structure. High-dimensional sparse…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Yifei Zhao , Mingdong Ou , Rongzhi Zhang , Meng Li

Classification tasks based on feature vectors can be significantly improved by including within deep learning a graph that summarises pairwise relationships between the samples. Intuitively, the graph acts as a conduit to channel and bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-27 Robert L. Peach , Alexis Arnaudon , Mauricio Barahona

Natural language explanations (NLEs) are commonly used to provide plausible free-text explanations of a model's reasoning about its predictions. However, recent work has questioned their faithfulness, as they may not accurately reflect the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Shuzhou Yuan , Jingyi Sun , Ran Zhang , Michael Färber , Steffen Eger , Pepa Atanasova , Isabelle Augenstein

The problem of explaining the results produced by machine learning methods continues to attract attention. Neural network (NN) models, along with gradient boosting machines, are expected to be utilized even in tabular data with high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Takashi Isozaki , Masahiro Yamamoto , Atsushi Noda

This paper studies faithful explanations for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). First, we provide a new and general method for formally characterizing the faithfulness of explanations for GNNs. It applies to existing explanation methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Zifan Wang , Yuhang Yao , Chaoran Zhang , Han Zhang , Youjie Kang , Carlee Joe-Wong , Matt Fredrikson , Anupam Datta

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a powerful technique for machine learning on graph-structured data, yet they pose challenges in interpretability. Existing GNN explanation methods usually yield technical outputs, such as subgraphs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Mateusz Cedro , David Martens

Inference queries have been routinely issued to graph machine learning models such as graph neural networks (GNNs) for various network analytical tasks. Nevertheless, GNN outputs are often hard to interpret comprehensively. Existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Dazhuo Qiu , Haolai Che , Arijit Khan , Yinghui Wu

Most Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) cannot distinguish some graphs or indeed some pairs of nodes within a graph. This makes it impossible to solve certain classification tasks. However, adding additional node features to these models can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Beni Egressy , Roger Wattenhofer

Representations in the hidden layers of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are often hard to interpret since it is difficult to project them into an interpretable domain. Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) allow this projection, but existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Robert Schwarzenberg , Marc Hübner , David Harbecke , Christoph Alt , Leonhard Hennig

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms allow agents to learn skills and strategies to perform complex tasks without detailed instructions or expensive labelled training examples. That is, RL agents can learn, as we learn. Given the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Jung Hoon Lee

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) demonstrate their significance by effectively modeling complex interrelationships within graph-structured data. To enhance the credibility and robustness of GNNs, it becomes exceptionally crucial to bolster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Hang Gao , Chengyu Yao , Jiangmeng Li , Lingyu Si , Yifan Jin , Fengge Wu , Changwen Zheng , Huaping Liu

Explainable recommendation has demonstrated significant advantages in informing users about the logic behind recommendations, thereby increasing system transparency, effectiveness, and trustworthiness. To provide personalized and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Yuhan Li , Xinni Zhang , Linhao Luo , Heng Chang , Yuxiang Ren , Irwin King , Jia Li

Neural networks are increasingly finding their way into the realm of graphs and modeling relationships between features. Concurrently graph neural network explanation approaches are being invented to uncover relationships between the nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Razieh Rezaei , Alireza Dizaji , Ashkan Khakzar , Anees Kazi , Nassir Navab , Daniel Rueckert

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have emerged as an efficient alternative to convolutional approaches for vision tasks such as image classification, leveraging patch-based representations instead of raw pixels. These methods construct graphs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Nikolaos Chaidos , Angeliki Dimitriou , Nikolaos Spanos , Athanasios Voulodimos , Giorgos Stamou