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Efficient control of power systems is becoming increasingly difficult as they gain in complexity and size. We propose an automatic control strategy that regulates the mechanical power output of the generators in a power grid based on…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-10-09 Andrej Gajduk , Mirko Todorovski , Ljupco Kocarev

Power flow in a low voltage direct current grid (LVDC) is a non-linear problem just as its counterpart ac. This paper demonstrates that, unlike in ac grids, convergence and uniqueness of the solution can be guaranteed in this type of grids.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-02-06 Alejandro Garces

The dynamic response of power grids to small events or persistent stochastic disturbances influences their stable operation. Low-frequency inter-area oscillations are of particular concern due to insufficient damping. This paper studies the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-20 Manish K. Singh , Vassilis Kekatos

Power systems are currently undergoing a rapid paradigm change in their operation. Centralised energy production is being replaced by a number of Distributed Generation (DG) units that are placed at different locations and voltage levels in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-28 Dionysios Moutevelis

Frequency fluctuations in power grids, caused by unpredictable renewable energy sources, consumer behavior and trading, need to be balanced to ensure stable grid operation. Standard smart grid solutions to mitigate large frequency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-07 Benjamin Schäfer , Dirk Witthaut , Marc Timme

AI data center loads create query-driven power transients on millisecond timescales. Such loads can violate the timescale separation assumptions underlying internal inverter control of grid-following resources collocated with data centers…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-21 Miroslav Kosanic , Marija Ilic

The power grid frequency is the central observable in power system control, as it measures the balance of electrical supply and demand. A reliable frequency forecast can facilitate rapid control actions and may thus greatly improve power…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-08-24 Johannes Kruse , Benjamin Schäfer , Dirk Witthaut

In the context of dynamic virtual power plants (DVPPs), the integration of frequency containment reserve (FCR) and fast frequency control (FFC) enabled via local compensation of power imbalance represents a significant advancement in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-10 Saif Ahmad , Seifeddine Ben Elghali , Hafiz Ahmed

Modern power grids are fast evolving with the increasing volatile renewable generation, distributed energy resources (DERs) and time-varying operating conditions. The DERs include rooftop photovoltaic (PV), small wind turbines, energy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-08 Xun Gong , Xiaozhe Wang , Bo Cao

We study synchronization dynamics in networks of coupled oscillators with bimodal distribution of natural frequencies. This setup can be interpreted as a simple model of frequency synchronization dynamics among generators and loads working…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-07-03 Sergi Lozano , Lubos Buzna , Albert Díaz-Guilera

As the share of Converter-Interfaced Distributed Energy Resources (CIDERs) in power distribution systems increases, hybrid AC/DC distribution systems are drawing more interest. Indeed, CIDERs usually rely on DC power and hybrid AC/DC grids…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-07 Johanna Kristin Maria Becker , Andreas Martin Kettner , Yihui Zuo , Mario Paolone

In the Nordic region, many interconnectors are formed by HVDC links, as Scandinavia, Continental Europe and the Baltic region are non-synchronous AC systems. This paper presents two cost benefit analyses on the utilization of HVDC…

Control structures have critical influences on converter-interfaced distributed generations (DG) under unbalanced conditions. Most of previous works focus on suppressing active power oscillations and ripples of DC bus voltage. In this…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-08-23 Peng Jin , Yang Li , Guoqing Li , Zhe Chen , Xiaojuan Zhai

Hybrid AC/DC networks are a key technology for future electrical power systems, due to the increasing number of converter-based loads and distributed energy resources. In this paper, we consider the design of control schemes for hybrid…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-12-27 Jeremy D. Watson , Ioannis Lestas

The modern power grid has seen a rise in the integration of non-linear loads, presenting a significant concern for operators. These loads introduce unwanted harmonics, leading to potential issues such as overheating and improper functioning…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-07 Aaqib Peerzada , Bhaskar Mitra , Soumya Kundu , James P. Ogle

Higher penetration of renewable generation will increase the demand for adequate (and cost-effective) controllable resources on the grid that can mitigate and contain the contingencies locally before it can cause a network-wide collapse.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-06-08 Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Soumya Kundu , Draguna Vrabie , Karan Kalsi , Jianming Lian

In this paper, we study a constrained network flow problem and associated networked dynamics that resemble but are distinct from the well-known primal-dual dynamics of the constrained flow problem. Crucially, under a change of coordinates,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-03 Amirhossein Iraniparast , Dominic Groß

The energy transition towards renewable based power provision requires improved monitoring and control of distributed energy resources (DERs), installed predominantly at the distribution grid level. Due to the gradual phase out of thermal…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-03 Neelotpal Majumdar , Marcel Sarstedt , Lutz Hofmann

In this paper, we study phase-amplitude multivariable dynamics in converter-based power systems from a complex-frequency perspective. Complex frequency represents the rate of change of voltage amplitude and phase angle by its real and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-03 Xiuqiang He , Verena Häberle , Florian Dörfler

The electrical grid is evolving from a network consisting of mostly synchronous machines to a mixture of synchronous machines and inverter-based resources such as wind, solar, and energy storage. This transformation has led to a decrease in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-29 Atinuke Ademola-Idowu , Baosen Zhang