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We present a table-top setup for femtosecond time-resolved X-ray diffraction based on a Cu K{\alpha} (8.05 keV) laser driven plasma X-ray source. Due to its modular design it provides high accessibility to its individual components (e.g.…
Three-dimensional ultrasound enables real-time volumetric visualization of anatomical structures. Unlike traditional 2D ultrasound, 3D imaging reduces reliance on precise probe orientation, potentially making ultrasound more accessible to…
This paper presents a new method to model X-ray scattering on random rough surfaces. It combines the approaches we presented in two previous papers -- \zs\cite{zhao03} \& \pz\cite{zhao15}. An actual rough surface is (incompletely) described…
Optical microscopy has so far been restricted to superficial layers, leaving many important biological questions unanswered. Random scattering causes the ballistic focus, which is conventionally used for image formation, to decay…
An ideal imaging system provides a spatial resolution that is ultimately dictated by the numerical aperture (NA) of the illumination and collection optics. In biological tissue, resolution is further affected by scattering limiting the…
X-ray diffraction tomography (XDT) resolves spatially-variant XRD profiles within macroscopic objects, and provides improved material contrast compared to the conventional transmission-based computed tomography (CT). However, due to the…
We have numerically computed the reflectivity of X-ray incident normally onto Fibonacci multilayers, and compared the results with those obtained in periodic approximant multilayers. The constituent layers are of low and high refractive…
Orientation mapping is a widely used technique for revealing the microstructure of a polycrystalline sample. The crystalline orientation at each point in the sample is determined by analysis of the diffraction pattern, a process known as…
Dark-field X-ray microscopy is a new full-field imaging technique that nondestructively maps the structure and local strain inside deeply embedded crystalline elements in three dimensions. Placing an objective lens in the diffracted beam…
Microscale imaging of mesoscale bulk materials under dynamic compression is important for understanding their properties. In this work, we study the effects of the depth of field (DoF) and field of view (FoV) of the optical lens and extract…
To obtain the best resolution for any measurement there is an ever-present challenge to achieve maximal differentiation between signal and noise over as fine of sampling dimensions as possible. In diffraction science these issues are…
Arbitrary distributions of radiant exposure may be written by transversely scanning a single known spatially-random screen that is normally illuminated by spatially but not necessarily temporally uniform radiation or matter wave fields. The…
Quantitative phase analysis is one of the major applications of X-ray powder diffraction. The essential principle of quantitative phase analysis is that the diffraction intensity of a component phase in a mixture is proportional to its…
In this article, we discuss the numerical solution of diffusion equations on random surfaces within the isogeometric framework. We describe in detail, how diffusion problems on random surfaces can be modelled and how quantities of interest…
Off-axis X-ray holography is a lensless imaging technique that allows unambiguous retrieval of an object's exit-wave function with high fidelity. It has been used with great success to study nanoscale phenomena and spatio-temporal dynamics…
To take advantage of high-resolution optics sensitive to a broad energy range, future X-ray imaging instruments will require thick detectors with small pixels. This pixel aspect ratio affects spectral response in the soft X-ray band, vital…
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) enables element-specific, nondestructive imaging, but conventional raster scanning scales poorly with sample size, particularly for tomography, because measurements must be repeated at every projection angle and…
The increasing scientific and technological interest in nanoparticles has raised the need for fast, efficient and precise characterization techniques. Powder diffraction is a very efficient experimental method, as it is straightforward and…
Optical diffraction tomography (ODT) is a three-dimensional (3D) quantitative phase imaging technique, which enables the reconstruction of the 3D refractive index (RI) distribution of a transparent sample. Due to its fast, non-invasive, and…
The X-ray diffractometer in the laboratory is a crucial instrument for analyzing materials in science. It can be used on almost any crystal material, and if the machine parameters are appropriately controlled, it can offer a lot of…