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The lack of explainability using relevant clinical knowledge hinders the adoption of Artificial Intelligence-powered analysis of unstructured clinical dialogue. A wealth of relevant, untapped Mental Health (MH) data is available in online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Sumit Dalal , Deepa Tilwani , Kaushik Roy , Manas Gaur , Sarika Jain , Valerie Shalin , Amit Sheth

Recent advances in transformer architectures have revolutionised natural language processing, but their application to healthcare domains presents unique challenges. Patient timelines are characterised by irregular sampling, variable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Linglong Qian , Zina Ibrahim

The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) system is the international standard for classifying diseases and procedures during a healthcare encounter and is widely used for healthcare reporting and management purposes. Assigning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-25 George Michalopoulos , Michal Malyska , Nicola Sahar , Alexander Wong , Helen Chen

CXRs are a crucial and extraordinarily common diagnostic tool, leading to heavy research for CAD solutions. However, both high classification accuracy and meaningful model predictions that respect and incorporate clinical taxonomies are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Haomin Chen , Shun Miao , Daguang Xu , Gregory D. Hager , Adam P. Harrison

Training medical image analysis models requires large amounts of expertly annotated data which is time-consuming and expensive to obtain. Images are often accompanied by free-text radiology reports which are a rich source of information. In…

Large-scale Multi-label Text Classification (LMTC) has a wide range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications and presents interesting challenges. First, not all labels are well represented in the training set, due to the very large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Ilias Chalkidis , Manos Fergadiotis , Sotiris Kotitsas , Prodromos Malakasiotis , Nikolaos Aletras , Ion Androutsopoulos

Language modeling have shown impressive progress in generating compelling text with good accuracy and high semantic coherence. An interesting research direction is to augment these powerful models for specific applications using contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Sabri Boughorbel , Fethi Jarray , Abdulaziz Al Homaid , Rashid Niaz , Khalid Alyafei

Automatic ICD coding, the task of assigning disease and procedure codes to electronic medical records, is crucial for clinical documentation and billing. While existing methods primarily enhance model understanding of code hierarchies and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Tuan-Dung Le , Shohreh Haddadan , Thanh Q. Thieu

Humans process visual scenes selectively and sequentially using attention. Central to models of human visual attention is the saliency map. We propose a hierarchical visual architecture that operates on a saliency map and uses a novel…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Sean Welleck , Jialin Mao , Kyunghyun Cho , Zheng Zhang

Interpreting the decisions of deep learning models has been actively studied since the explosion of deep neural networks. One of the most convincing interpretation approaches is salience-based visual interpretation, such as Grad-CAM, where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yiming Lei , Zilong Li , Yangyang Li , Junping Zhang , Hongming Shan

Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients often present with complex, overlapping signs of physiological deterioration that require timely escalation of care. Traditional early warning systems, such as SOFA or MEWS, are limited by their focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Syed Ahmad Chan Bukhari , Amritpal Singh , Shifath Hossain , Iram Wajahat

Automated identification of DICOM image series is essential for large-scale medical image analysis, quality control, protocol harmonization, and reliable downstream processing. However, DICOM series classification remains challenging due to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-22 Tuan Truong , Melanie Dohmen , Sara Lorio , Matthias Lenga

Automated ICD-10 coding from clinical discharge summaries requires models that are both accurate on long-tailed multi-label classification tasks and interpretable to clinicians. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) offer a principled framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Mohammed Sameer Syed , Xuan Lu

Online learning systems have multiple data repositories in the form of transcripts, books and questions. To enable ease of access, such systems organize the content according to a well defined taxonomy of hierarchical nature…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Venktesh Viswanathan , Mukesh Mohania , Vikram Goyal

Hierarchical text classification (HTC) is a challenging subtask of multi-label classification as the labels form a complex hierarchical structure. Existing dual-encoder methods in HTC achieve weak performance gains with huge memory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 He Zhu , Chong Zhang , Junjie Huang , Junran Wu , Ke Xu

In radiologists' routine work, one major task is to read a medical image, e.g., a CT scan, find significant lesions, and describe them in the radiology report. In this paper, we study the lesion description or annotation problem. Given a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Ke Yan , Yifan Peng , Veit Sandfort , Mohammadhadi Bagheri , Zhiyong Lu , Ronald M. Summers

Deep learning offers a promising avenue for automating many recognition tasks in fields such as medicine and forensics. However, the black-box nature of these models hinders their adoption in high-stakes applications where trust and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Barkin Buyukcakir , Rocharles Cavalcante Fontenele , Reinhilde Jacobs , Jannick De Tobel , Patrick Thevissen , Dirk Vandermeulen , Peter Claes

The linking of clinical entities is a crucial part of extracting structured information from clinical texts. It is the process of assigning a code from a medical ontology or classification to a phrase in the text. The International…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Sylvia Vassileva , Ivan Koychev , Svetla Boytcheva

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) and transformers are increasingly popular in histopathology Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification. However, unlike human pathologists who selectively observe specific regions of histopathology tissues under…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Conghao Xiong , Hao Chen , Joseph J. Y. Sung , Irwin King

In multi-label text classification, each textual document can be assigned with one or more labels. Due to this nature, the multi-label text classification task is often considered to be more challenging compared to the binary or multi-class…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Jingcheng Du , Qingyu Chen , Yifan Peng , Yang Xiang , Cui Tao , Zhiyong Lu