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Proteins are macromolecules that perform essential functions in all living organisms. Designing novel proteins with specific structures and desired functions has been a long-standing challenge in the field of bioengineering. Existing…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-03 Chence Shi , Chuanrui Wang , Jiarui Lu , Bozitao Zhong , Jian Tang

Designing novel proteins with desired functions is crucial in biology and chemistry. However, most existing work focus on protein sequence design, leaving protein sequence and structure co-design underexplored. In this paper, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Zhenqiao Song , Yunlong Zhao , Yufei Song , Wenxian Shi , Yang Yang , Lei Li

Proteins are the fundamental macromolecules that play diverse and crucial roles in all living matter and have tremendous implications in healthcare, manufacturing, and biotechnology. Their functions are largely determined by the sequences…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-17 Boqiao Lai

Proteins are central to biological systems, participating as building blocks across all forms of life. Despite advancements in understanding protein functions through protein sequence analysis, there remains potential for further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Yunqing Liu , Wenqi Fan , Xiaoyong Wei , Qing Li

Generative modeling has become a central paradigm in protein research, extending machine learning beyond structure prediction toward sequence design, backbone generation, inverse folding, and biomolecular interaction modeling. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Senura Hansaja Wanasekara , Minh-Duong Nguyen , Xiaochen Liu , Nguyen H. Tran , Ken-Tye Yong

Proteins power a vast array of functional processes in living cells. The capability to create new proteins with designed structures and functions would thus enable the engineering of cellular behavior and development of protein-based…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-06-08 Yeqing Lin , Mohammed AlQuraishi

Engineering new molecules with desirable functions and properties has the potential to extend our ability to engineer proteins beyond what nature has so far evolved. Advances in the so-called "de novo" design problem have recently been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Adam Winnifrith , Carlos Outeiral , Brian Hie

Inverse protein folding is challenging due to its inherent one-to-many mapping characteristic, where numerous possible amino acid sequences can fold into a single, identical protein backbone. This task involves not only identifying viable…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-08 Kai Yi , Bingxin Zhou , Yiqing Shen , Pietro Liò , Yu Guang Wang

Protein design is a fundamental challenge in biotechnology, aiming to design novel sequences with specific functions within the vast space of possible proteins. Recent advances in deep generative models have enabled function-based protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Nuowei Liu , Jiahao Kuang , Yanting Liu , Tao Ji , Changzhi Sun , Man Lan , Yuanbin Wu

The de novo design of proteins refers to creating proteins with specific structures and functions that do not naturally exist. In recent years, the accumulation of high-quality protein structure and sequence data and technological…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-04-24 Yujie Qin , Ming He , Changyong Yu , Ming Ni , Xian Liu , Xiaochen Bo

Proteins are macromolecules responsible for essential functions in almost all living organisms. Designing reasonable proteins with desired functions is crucial. A protein's sequence and structure are strongly correlated and they together…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Zhenqiao Song , Yunlong Zhao , Wenxian Shi , Yang Yang , Lei Li

Protein secondary structure prediction is an important problem in bioinformatics. Inspired by the recent successes of deep neural networks, in this paper, we propose an end-to-end deep network that predicts protein secondary structures from…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2016-04-27 Zhen Li , Yizhou Yu

The ability to computationally generate novel yet physically foldable protein structures could lead to new biological discoveries and new treatments targeting yet incurable diseases. Despite recent advances in protein structure prediction,…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-28 Kevin E. Wu , Kevin K. Yang , Rianne van den Berg , James Y. Zou , Alex X. Lu , Ava P. Amini

Protein inverse folding, the task of predicting amino acid sequences for desired structures, is pivotal for de novo protein design. However, existing GNN-based methods typically suffer from restricted receptive fields that miss long-range…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Sisi Yuan , Jiehuang Chen , Junchuang Cai , Dong Xu , Xueliang Li , Zexuan Zhu , Junkai Ji

De novo prediction of protein structures, the prediction of structures from amino-acid sequences which are not similar to those of hitherto resolved structures, has been one of the major challenges in molecular biophysics. In this paper, we…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2008-02-22 Takeshi N. Sasaki , Hikmet Cetin , Masaki Sasai

The design of novel protein sequences with targeted functionalities underpins a central theme in protein engineering, impacting diverse fields such as drug discovery and enzymatic engineering. However, navigating this vast combinatorial…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-19 Yiheng Zhu , Zitai Kong , Jialu Wu , Weize Liu , Yuqiang Han , Mingze Yin , Hongxia Xu , Chang-Yu Hsieh , Tingjun Hou

Tokenization is a promising path to multi-modal models capable of jointly understanding protein sequences, structure, and function. Existing protein structure tokenizers create tokens by pooling information from local neighborhoods, an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Rohit Dilip , Ayush Varshney , David Van Valen

Recently described stochastic models of protein evolution have demonstrated that the inclusion of structural information in addition to amino acid sequences leads to a more reliable estimation of evolutionary parameters. We present a…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-09-22 Michael Golden , Eduardo García-Portugués , Michael Sørensen , Kanti V. Mardia , Thomas Hamelryck , Jotun Hein

Deep learning has become a crucial tool in studying proteins. While the significance of modeling protein structure has been discussed extensively in the literature, amino acid types are typically included in the input as a default operation…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-01 Yang Tan , Lirong Zheng , Bozitao Zhong , Liang Hong , Bingxin Zhou

Proteins perform critical processes in all living systems: converting solar energy into chemical energy, replicating DNA, as the basis of highly performant materials, sensing and much more. While an incredible range of functionality has…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-09-29 Leonardo V. Castorina , Rokas Petrenas , Kartic Subr , Christopher W. Wood
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