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Lack of experience, inadequate documentation, and sub-optimal API design frequently cause developers to make mistakes when re-using third-party implementations. Such API misuses can result in unintended behavior, performance losses, or…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Sebastian Nielebock , Robert Heumüller , Kevin Michael Schott , Frank Ortmeier

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are crucial to software development, enabling integration of existing systems with new applications by reusing tried and tested code, saving development time and increasing software safety. In…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ponnampalam Pirapuraj , Tamal Mondal , Sharanya Gupta , Akash Lal , Somak Aditya , Jyothi Vedurada

Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) often have usage constraints, such as restrictions on call order or call conditions. API misuses, i.e., violations of these constraints, may lead to software crashes, bugs, and vulnerabilities.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Sven Amann , Hoan Anh Nguyen , Sarah Nadi , Tien N. Nguyen , Mira Mezini

Modern software development relies heavily on Application Programming Interface (API) libraries. However, there are often certain constraints on using API elements in such libraries. Failing to follow such constraints (API misuse) could…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Tam The Nguyen , Phong Minh Vu , Tung Thanh Nguyen

Modern software development relies on the reuse of code via Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). Such reuse relieves developers from learning and developing established algorithms and data structures anew, enabling them to focus on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Sebastian Nielebock , Paul Blockhaus , Jacob Krüger , Frank Ortmeier

Developers build on Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to reuse existing functionalities of code libraries. Despite the benefits of reusing established libraries (e.g., time savings, high quality), developers may diverge from the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Sebastian Nielebock , Paul Blockhaus , Jacob Krüger , Frank Ortmeier

Security Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are crucial for ensuring software security. However, their misuse introduces vulnerabilities, potentially leading to severe data breaches and substantial financial loss. Complex API design,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Zahra Mousavi , Chadni Islam , M. Ali Babar , Alsharif Abuadbba , Kristen Moore

Developers rely on third-party library Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) when developing software. However, libraries typically come with assumptions and API usage constraints, whose violation results in API misuse. API misuses may…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Akalanka Galappaththi , Sarah Nadi , Christoph Treude

While the automated detection of cryptographic API misuses has progressed significantly, its precision diminishes for intricate targets due to the reliance on manually defined patterns. Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Yifan Xia , Zichen Xie , Peiyu Liu , Kangjie Lu , Yan Liu , Wenhai Wang , Shouling Ji

Data science libraries, such as scikit-learn and pandas, specialize in processing and manipulating data. The data-centric nature of these libraries makes the detection of API misuse in them more challenging. This paper introduces DSCHECKER,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Akalanka Galappaththi , Francisco Ribeiro , Sarah Nadi

APIs are essential ingredients for developing complex software systems. However, they are difficult to learn and to use. Thus, developers may misuse them, which results in various types of issues. In this paper, we explore the use of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Maxime Gallais-Jimenez , Hoan A. Nguyen , Mohamed Aymen Saied , Tien N. Nguyen , Houari Sahraoui

API misuse in code generated by large language models (LLMs) presents a serious and growing challenge in software development, as although LLMs demonstrate impressive code generation capabilities, their interactions with complex library…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Terry Yue Zhuo , Junda He , Jiamou Sun , Zhenchang Xing , David Lo , John Grundy , Xiaoning Du

API misuses often lead to software bugs, crashes, and vulnerabilities. While several API misuse detectors have been proposed, there are no automatic repair tools specifically designed for this purpose. In a recent study, test-suite-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Ting Zhang , Ivana Clairine Irsan , Ferdian Thung , David Lo , Asankhaya Sharma , Lingxiao Jiang

Application Programming Interface (API) Injection attacks refer to the unauthorized or malicious use of APIs, which are often exploited to gain access to sensitive data or manipulate online systems for illicit purposes. Identifying actors…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Udi Aharon , Ran Dubin , Amit Dvir , Chen Hajaj

Software vulnerability detection is generally supported by automated static analysis tools, which have recently been reinforced by deep learning (DL) models. However, despite the superior performance of DL-based approaches over rule-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Yanjing Yang , Xin Zhou , Runfeng Mao , Jinwei Xu , Lanxin Yang , Yu Zhangm , Haifeng Shen , He Zhang

Active Learning (AL) aims to reduce the labeling burden by interactively selecting the most informative samples from a pool of unlabeled data. While there has been extensive research on improving AL query methods in recent years, some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Carsten T. Lüth , Till J. Bungert , Lukas Klein , Paul F. Jaeger

Annotating data is a time-consuming and costly task, but it is inherently required for supervised machine learning. Active Learning (AL) is an established method that minimizes human labeling effort by iteratively selecting the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Julius Gonsior , Tim Rieß , Anja Reusch , Claudio Hartmann , Maik Thiele , Wolfgang Lehner

Active learning (AL) is a promising ML paradigm that has the potential to parse through large unlabeled data and help reduce annotation cost in domains where labeling data can be prohibitive. Recently proposed neural network based AL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Prateek Munjal , Nasir Hayat , Munawar Hayat , Jamshid Sourati , Shadab Khan

Exfiltration of data via email is a serious cybersecurity threat for many organizations. Detecting data exfiltration (anomaly) patterns typically requires labeling, most often done by a human annotator, to reduce the high number of false…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Jaturong Kongmanee , Mark Chignell , Khilan Jerath , Abhay Raman

Anomaly detection (AD) is an important machine learning task with applications in fraud detection, content moderation, and user behavior analysis. However, AD is relatively understudied in a natural language processing (NLP) context,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yuangang Li , Jiaqi Li , Zhuo Xiao , Tiankai Yang , Yi Nian , Xiyang Hu , Yue Zhao
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