Related papers: Estimating optimal individualized treatment rules …
We propose a new procedure for inference on optimal treatment regimes in the model-free setting, which does not require to specify an outcome regression model. Existing model-free estimators for optimal treatment regimes are usually not…
Estimating treatment effects conditional on observed covariates can improve the ability to tailor treatments to particular individuals. Doing so effectively requires dealing with potential confounding, and also enough data to adequately…
A treatment regime is a rule that assigns a treatment to patients based on their covariate information. Recently, estimation of the optimal treatment regime that yields the greatest overall expected clinical outcome of interest has…
Dynamic treatment regimes (DTR) are sequential decision rules corresponding to several stages of intervention. Each rule maps patients' covariates to optional treatments. The optimal dynamic treatment regime is the one that maximizes the…
We develop a Gaussian-process mixture model for heterogeneous treatment effect estimation that leverages the use of transformed outcomes. The approach we will present attempts to improve point estimation and uncertainty quantification…
Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, necessitating personalized treatment approaches to improve outcomes. Theranostics, combining molecular-level imaging with targeted therapy, offers potential for precision oncology but…
Predicated on the increasing abundance of electronic health records, we investi- gate the problem of inferring individualized treatment effects using observational data. Stemming from the potential outcomes model, we propose a novel multi-…
Difference-in-differences is based on a parallel trends assumption, which states that changes over time in average potential outcomes are independent of treatment assignment, possibly conditional on covariates. With time-varying treatments,…
Precision medicine is currently a topic of great interest in clinical and intervention science. One way to formalize precision medicine is through a treatment regime, which is a sequence of decision rules, one per stage of clinical…
Understanding treatment effect heterogeneity has become increasingly important in many fields. In this paper we study distributions and quantiles of individual treatment effects to provide a more comprehensive and robust understanding of…
We propose a new method in indefinite-horizon settings for estimating optimal dynamic treatment regimes for time-to-event outcomes. This method allows patients to have different numbers of treatment stages and is constructed using…
Personalized medicine aims to tailor treatments to individual patients, especially when people respond heterogeneously to therapies. A key objective is to learn individualized treatment rules that recommend optimal treatments from patient…
Targeted maximum likelihood estimation is a general methodology combining flexible ensemble learning and semiparametric efficiency theory in a two-step procedure for estimation of causal parameters. Proposed targeted maximum likelihood…
Identifying optimal medical treatments to improve survival has long been a critical goal of pharmacoepidemiology. Traditionally, we use an average treatment effect measure to compare outcomes between treatment plans. However, new methods…
Non-parametric maximum likelihood estimation encompasses a group of classic methods to estimate distribution-associated functions from potentially censored and truncated data, with extensive applications in survival analysis. These methods,…
Cancer is one of the most common diseases worldwide, posing a serious threat to human health and leading to the deaths of a large number of people. It was observed during the drug administration in chemotherapy that immune cells, cancer…
As the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, researchers are reporting findings of randomized trials comparing standard care with care augmented by experimental drugs. The trials have small sample sizes, so estimates of treatment effects are…
A new meta-algorithm for estimating the conditional average treatment effects is proposed in the paper. The main idea underlying the algorithm is to consider a new dataset consisting of feature vectors produced by means of concatenation of…
We develop a prediction-based prescriptive model for learning optimal personalized treatments for patients based on their Electronic Health Records (EHRs). Our approach consists of: (i) predicting future outcomes under each possible therapy…
Estimating the effects of interventions on patient outcome is one of the key aspects of personalized medicine. Their inference is often challenged by the fact that the training data comprises only the outcome for the administered treatment,…