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Rice's theorem shows that nontrivial extensional properties of partial recursive functions are undecidable. For finite weighted Boolean optimization/CSP-style slices, a Rice-style structural analogue holds for tractability classification:…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Tristan Simas

We describe the countable ordinals in terms of iterations of Mostowski collapsings. This gives a proof-theoretic bound of definable countable ordinals in the Zermelo-Fraenkel's set theory ZF.

Logic · Mathematics 2013-03-12 Toshiyasu Arai

Although the $\lambda$I-calculus is a natural fragment of the $\lambda$-calculus, obtained by forbidding the erasure of arguments, its equational theories did not receive much attention. The reason is that all proper denotational models…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Rémy Cerda , Giulio Manzonetto , Alexis Saurin

We deal here with the issue of determinism versus randomness in time series. One wishes to identify their relative weights in a given time series. Two different tools have been advanced in the literature to such effect, namely, i) the…

Every computable function has to be continuous. To develop computability theory of discontinuous functions, we study low levels of the arithmetical hierarchy of nonuniformly computable functions on Baire space. First, we classify…

Logic · Mathematics 2013-09-10 Kojiro Higuchi , Takayuki Kihara

This paper is part of the general project of proof mining, developed by Kohlenbach. By "proof mining" we mean the logical analysis of mathematical proofs with the aim of extracting new numerically relevant information hidden in the proofs.…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-01-14 Laurentiu Leustean

In causal inference with ordinal outcomes, several interpretable estimands are functions of the probability that the potential outcome under one treatment is larger than that under another treatment for the same unit. This probability…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-13 Peiyu He , Fan Li

This study addresses the predictive limitation of probabilistic circuits and introduces transformations as a remedy to overcome it. We demonstrate this limitation in robotic scenarios. We motivate that independent component analysis is a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-09 Tom Schierenbeck , Vladimir Vutov , Thorsten Dickhaus , Michael Beetz

The aim of this paper is to discuss a recent result which shows that probabilistic inference in the presence of (unknown) causal mechanisms can be tractable for models that have traditionally been viewed as intractable. This result was…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Adnan Darwiche

This introduction begins with a section on fundamental notions of mathematical logic, including propositional logic, predicate or first-order logic, completeness, compactness, the L\"owenheim-Skolem theorem, Craig interpolation, Beth's…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-11-28 Anton Freund

We focus on credal nets, which are graphical models that generalise Bayesian nets to imprecise probability. We replace the notion of strong independence commonly used in credal nets with the weaker notion of epistemic irrelevance, which is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-08-17 Gert de Cooman , Filip Hermans , Alessandro Antonucci , Marco Zaffalon

We consider a first-order logic for the integers with addition. This logic extends classical first-order logic by modulo-counting, threshold-counting and exact-counting quantifiers, all applied to tuples of variables (here, residues are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Peter Habermehl , Dietrich Kuske

Pearl's Causal Hierarchy (PCH) is a central framework for reasoning about probabilistic, interventional, and counterfactual statements, yet the satisfiability problem for PCH formulas is computationally intractable in almost all classical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Robert Ganian , Marlene Gründel , Simon Wietheger

We consider the satisfiability problem for the two-variable fragment of first-order logic over finite unranked trees. We work with signatures consisting of some unary predicates and the binary navigational predicates child, right sibling,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-10-22 Witold Charatonik , Emanuel Kieroński , Filip Mazowiecki

The probability of benefit is a valuable and important measure of treatment effect, which has advantages over the average treatment effect. Particularly for an ordinal outcome, it has a better interpretation and can make apparent different…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-19 Erin E Gabriel , Michael C Sachs , Andreas Kryger Jensen

As an algebraic meaning of the nonhomogenous associative Yang-Baxter equation, weighted infinitesimal bialgebras play an important role in mathematics and mathematical physics. In this paper, we introduce the concept of weighted…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-02-28 Xing Gao , Yi Zhang

We look for partition theorems for large subtrees for suitable uncountable trees and colourings. We concentrate on sub-trees of $^{\kappa \ge} 2$ expanded by a well ordering of each level. Unlike earlier works, we do not ask the embedding…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Saharon Shelah

In this paper we give an ordinal analysis of a set theory with $\Pi_{1}$-Collection.

Logic · Mathematics 2023-11-22 Toshiyasu Arai

We give a complete criterion for when two hyperbolic automorphisms of a tree generate a free, discrete subgroup. The decision depends only on three geometric invariants: the translation lengths of the generators and the length of overlap of…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Yukun Du , Sa'ar Hersonsky

Credal networks are graph-based statistical models whose parameters take values in a set, instead of being sharply specified as in traditional statistical models (e.g., Bayesian networks). The computational complexity of inferences on such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-09-27 Denis D. Maua , Cassio Polpo de Campos , Alessio Benavoli , Alessandro Antonucci