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Widely used evaluation metrics for text generation either do not work well with longer texts or fail to evaluate all aspects of text quality. In this paper, we introduce a new metric called SMART to mitigate such limitations. Specifically,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Reinald Kim Amplayo , Peter J. Liu , Yao Zhao , Shashi Narayan

Automatic Program translation has enormous application value and hence has been attracting significant interest from AI researchers. However, we observe that current program translation models still make elementary syntax errors,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Mengnan Qi , Yufan Huang , Maoquan Wang , Yongqiang Yao , Zihan Liu , Bin Gu , Colin Clement , Neel Sundaresan

Due to its strong interpretability, linear regression is widely used in social science, from which significance test provides the significance level of models or coefficients in the traditional statistical inference. However, linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Jiaye Teng , Yang Yuan

Mutation analysis evaluates test suites and testing techniques by measuring how well they detect seeded defects (mutants). Even though well established in research, mutation analysis is rarely used in practice due to scalability problems…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-03-13 René Just , Michael D. Ernst , Gordon Fraser

Evaluating software engineering capabilities has become a core component of modern large language models (LLMs); however, the key bottleneck hindering further scaling lies not in the scarcity of high-quality solutions, but in the lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yuxuan Sun , Yuze Zhao , Yufeng Wang , Yao Du , Zhiyuan Ma , Jinbo Wang , Mengdi Zhang , Kai Zhang , Zhenya Huang

Context: The quality of the test suites and the constituent test cases significantly impacts confidence in software testing. While research has identified several quality attributes of test cases and test suites, there is a need for a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Huynh Khanh Vi Tran , Nauman bin Ali , Michael Unterkalmsteiner , Jürgen Börstler , Panagiota Chatzipetrou

Factual consistency is one of important summary evaluation dimensions, especially as summary generation becomes more fluent and coherent. The ESTIME measure, recently proposed specifically for factual consistency, achieves high correlations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Oleg Vasilyev , John Bohannon

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Machine Translation (MT), applying them to linguistically complex domains-such as Social Network Services, literature etc. In these scenarios, translations often require handling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yanzhi Tian , Cunxiang Wang , Zeming Liu , Heyan Huang , Wenbo Yu , Dawei Song , Jie Tang , Yuhang Guo

Mutation analysis measures test suite adequacy, the degree to which a test suite detects seeded faults: one test suite is better than another if it detects more mutants. Mutation analysis effectiveness rests on the assumption that mutants…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Miltiadis Allamanis , Earl T. Barr , René Just , Charles Sutton

Salience Estimation aims to predict term importance in documents. Due to few existing human-annotated datasets and the subjective notion of salience, previous studies typically generate pseudo-ground truth for evaluation. However, our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Jiaying Lu , Jinho D. Choi

We propose a new reference-free summary quality evaluation measure, with emphasis on the faithfulness. The measure is designed to find and count all possible minute inconsistencies of the summary with respect to the source document. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Oleg Vasilyev , John Bohannon

As machine translation (MT) metrics improve their correlation with human judgement every year, it is crucial to understand the limitations of such metrics at the segment level. Specifically, it is important to investigate metric behaviour…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Chantal Amrhein , Nikita Moghe , Liane Guillou

Software fault prediction model are employed to optimize testing resource allocation by identifying fault-prone classes before testing phases. Several researchers' have validated the use of different classification techniques to develop…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-04-17 Lov Kumar , Santanu Rath , Ashish Sureka

Software code complexity is a well-studied property to determine software component health. However, the existing code complexity metrics do not directly take into account the fault-proneness aspect of the code. We propose a metric called…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Ali Parsai , Serge Demeyer

Despite significant strides in statement autoformalization, a critical gap remains in the development of automated evaluation metrics capable of assessing formal translation quality. Existing metrics often fail to balance semantic and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xiaoyang Liu , Tao Zhu , Zineng Dong , Yuntian Liu , Qingfeng Guo , Zhaoxuan Liu , Yu Chen , Tao Luo

Various performance measures based on the ground truth and without ground truth exist to evaluate the quality of a developed tracking algorithm. The existing popular measures - average center location error (ACLE) and average tracking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Ajoy Mondal

Background: Test suites are frequently used to quantify relevant software attributes, such as quality or productivity. Problem: We have detected that the same response variable, measured using different test suites, yields different…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Oscar Dieste , Fernando Uyaguari , Sira Vegas , Natalia Juristo

Although neural networks are a powerful tool, their widespread use is hindered by the opacity of their decisions and their black-box nature, which result in a lack of trustworthiness. To alleviate this problem, methods in the field of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Helena Monke , Benjamin Fresz , Marco Bernreuther , Yilin Chen , Marco F. Huber

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced automated test generation, yet existing methods often rely on ground-truth code for verification, risking bug propagation and limiting applicability in test-driven development. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Hamed Taherkhani , Alireza DaghighFarsoodeh , Mohammad Chowdhury , Hung Viet Pham , Hadi Hemmati

A recurring problem in software development is incorrect decision making on the techniques, methods and tools to be used. Mostly, these decisions are based on developers' perceptions about them. A factor influencing people's perceptions is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Sira Vegas , Patricia Riofrio , Esperanza Marcos , Natalia Juristo