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This paper presents a comprehensive survey of research works on the topic of form understanding in the context of scanned documents. We delve into recent advancements and breakthroughs in the field, highlighting the significance of language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Abdelrahman Abdallah , Daniel Eberharter , Zoe Pfister , Adam Jatowt

Short text classification is a crucial and challenging aspect of Natural Language Processing. For this reason, there are numerous highly specialized short text classifiers. However, in recent short text research, State of the Art (SOTA)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Fabian Karl , Ansgar Scherp

We take the first step towards multilingual style transfer by creating and releasing XFORMAL, a benchmark of multiple formal reformulations of informal text in Brazilian Portuguese, French, and Italian. Results on XFORMAL suggest that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Eleftheria Briakou , Di Lu , Ke Zhang , Joel Tetreault

As NLP tools become ubiquitous in today's technological landscape, they are increasingly applied to languages with a variety of typological structures. However, NLP research does not focus primarily on typological differences in its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Sophie Groenwold , Samhita Honnavalli , Lily Ou , Aesha Parekh , Sharon Levy , Diba Mirza , William Yang Wang

Formality is one of the most important dimensions of writing style variation. In this study we conducted an inter-rater reliability experiment for assessing sentence formality on a five-point Likert scale, and obtained good agreement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-04-22 Shibamouli Lahiri , Xiaofei Lu

A rigorous formalization of desired system requirements is indispensable when performing any verification task. This often limits the application of verification techniques, as writing formal specifications is an error-prone and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Matthias Cosler , Christopher Hahn , Daniel Mendoza , Frederik Schmitt , Caroline Trippel

In this paper, we introduce a strategy for identifying textual saliency in large-scale language models applied to classification tasks. In visual networks where saliency is more well-studied, saliency is naturally localized through the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Elizabeth M. Hou , Gregory Castanon

Despite their high predictive accuracies, current machine learning systems often exhibit systematic biases stemming from annotation artifacts or insufficient support for certain classes in the dataset. Recent work proposes automatic methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Rakesh R. Menon , Shashank Srivastava

Coherence is an important aspect of text quality and is crucial for ensuring its readability. It is essential desirable for outputs from text generation systems like summarization, question answering, machine translation, question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Tushar Abhishek , Daksh Rawat , Manish Gupta , Vasudeva Varma

From disinformation spread by AI chatbots to AI recommendations that inadvertently reinforce stereotypes, textual bias poses a significant challenge to the trustworthiness of large language models (LLMs). In this paper, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Tianyi Huang , Elsa Fan

Large language models (LLMs) operate in two fundamental learning modes - fine-tuning (FT) and in-context learning (ICL) - raising key questions about which mode yields greater language proficiency and whether they differ in their inductive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Bishwamittra Ghosh , Soumi Das , Till Speicher , Qinyuan Wu , Mohammad Aflah Khan , Deepak Garg , Krishna P. Gummadi , Evimaria Terzi

Text serialization is a fundamental concept in modern computing, enabling the conversion of complex data structures into a format that can be easily stored, transmitted, and reconstructed. This paper provides an extensive overview of text…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Wang Wei , Li Na , Zhang Lei , Liu Fang , Chen Hao , Yang Xiuying , Huang Lei , Zhao Min , Wu Gang , Zhou Jie , Xu Jing , Sun Tao , Ma Li , Zhu Qiang , Hu Jun , Guo Wei , He Yong , Gao Yuan , Lin Dan , Zheng Yi , Shi Li

Transformers have made significant strides across various artificial intelligence domains, including natural language processing, computer vision, and audio processing. This success has naturally garnered considerable interest from both…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-12 Elyas Rashno , Amir Eskandari , Aman Anand , Farhana Zulkernine

Cross-lingual text classification leverages text classifiers trained in a high-resource language to perform text classification in other languages with no or minimal fine-tuning (zero/few-shots cross-lingual transfer). Nowadays,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Inigo Jauregi Unanue , Gholamreza Haffari , Massimo Piccardi

We propose a new approach to multi-factor classification of natural language texts based on weighted structured patterns such as N-grams, taking into account the heterarchical relationships between them, applied to solve such a socially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Anton Kolonin , Anna Arinicheva

Modeling long texts has been an essential technique in the field of natural language processing (NLP). With the ever-growing number of long documents, it is important to develop effective modeling methods that can process and analyze such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zican Dong , Tianyi Tang , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao

As large language models become integral to high-stakes applications, ensuring their robustness and fairness is critical. Despite their success, large language models remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks, where small perturbations, such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Danqing Chen , Tobias Ladner , Ahmed Rayen Mhadhbi , Matthias Althoff

Scene text spotting aims to detect and recognize text in real-world images, where instances are often short, fragmented, or visually ambiguous. Existing methods primarily rely on visual cues and implicitly capture local character…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Leeje Jang , Yijun Lin , Yao-Yi Chiang , Jerod Weinman

Text classification is an important topic in the field of natural language processing. It has been preliminarily applied in information retrieval, digital library, automatic abstracting, text filtering, word semantic discrimination and many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Hao Li , Brandon Bennett

Artistic text recognition is an extremely challenging task with a wide range of applications. However, current scene text recognition methods mainly focus on irregular text while have not explored artistic text specifically. The challenges…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Xudong Xie , Ling Fu , Zhifei Zhang , Zhaowen Wang , Xiang Bai