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We study a bilayer two-dimension-electron-gas (2DEG) adjacent to a type-II superconductor thin film with a pinned vortex lattice. We find that with increasing interlayer tunneling, the system of half filling presents three phases: gapped…
Hydrogen storage remains a key challenge for the development of a sustainable hydrogen energy system, where materials must satisfy requirements on storage capacity, thermodynamics, kinetics, and reversibility. Complex borohydrides are…
Topological insulators (TI), with characteristic Dirac-fermion topological surface states (TSS), have emerged as a new class of electronic materials with rich potentials for both novel physics and device applications. However, a major…
Topological insulators and semimetals as well as unconventional iron-based superconductors have attracted major recent attention in condensed matter physics. Previously, however, little overlap has been identified between these two vibrant…
Topological materials host fascinating low dimensional gapless states at the boundary. As a prominent example, helical topological edge states (TESs) of two-dimensional topological insulators (2DTIs) and their stacked three-dimensional (3D)…
We found that a surface state induced by hydrogenation on the surface of SrTiO$_{3}$(001) (STO) did not obey the rigid band model, which was confirmed by in situ electrical resistivity measurements in ultrahigh vacuum. With exposure of…
Presence of entangled states is explicitly shown in Topological insulator (TI) $Bi_2Te_3$. The surface and bulk state are found to have the different structures of entanglement. The surface states live as maximally entangled states in the…
Earth-abundant two-dimensional (2D) pristine transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as a superlative class of materials for several applications in electronic devices, energy storage devices, gas sensing, etc., and they have…
Quantum spin Hall insulators, or synonymously known as 2D topological insulators, are crucial 2D systems hosting topologically protected edge states. The working temperature of this topological quantum phase is dictated by the inverted…
A two dimensional topological insulator exhibits helical edge states topologically protected against single particle backscattering. Such protection breaks down, however, when electron electron interactions are significant or when edge…
Our experimental studies of electron transport in wide (14 nm) HgTe quantum wells confirm persistence of a two-dimensional topological insulator state reported previously for narrower wells, where it was justified theoretically. Comparison…
Higher-dimensional topological meta-materials have more flexible than one-dimensional topological materials, which are more convenient to apply and solve practical problems. However, in diffusion systems, higher-dimensional topological…
Three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators (TI) are novel quantum materials with insulating bulk and topologically protected metallic surfaces with Dirac-like band structure. The spin-helical Dirac surface states are expected to host…
Recent angle-resolved photoemission experiments have observed a proximity-induced superconducting gap in the helical surface states of a thin film of the 3D topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$ grown on a superconducting NbSe$_2$ substrate.…
Topological insulators can be seen as band-insulators with a conducting surface. The surface carriers are Dirac particles with an energy which increases linearly with momentum. This confers extraordinary transport properties characteristic…
Superconductivity and topological quantum states are two frontier fields of research in modern condensed matter physics. The realization of superconductivity in topological materials is highly desired, however, superconductivity in such…
The discovery of topological insulators (TIs) and their unique electronic properties has motivated research into a variety of applications, including quantum computing. It has been proposed that TI surface states will be energetically…
From the low-energy model, the topological field theory indicates that the surface magnetization can open a surface gap in 3D topological insulators (TIs), resulting in a half-quantized Hall conductance. Here by employing the realistic…
We present a class of time-reversal-symmetric fractional topological liquid states in two dimensions that support fractionalized excitations. These are incompressible liquids made of electrons, for which the charge Hall conductance vanishes…
Magnetically doped topological insulators (TIs) exhibit two distinct phases: the quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) phase when the Fermi level resides within the surface gap, and a metallic phase outside the gap. The QAH phase hosts…