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The neural ordinary differential equation (neural ODE) model has attracted increasing attention in time series analysis for its capability to process irregular time steps, i.e., data are not observed over equally-spaced time intervals. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Mingyuan Bai , S. T. Boris Choy , Junping Zhang , Junbin Gao

Neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs) have attracted much attention as continuous-time counterparts of deep residual neural networks (NNs), and numerous extensions for recurrent NNs have been proposed. Since the 1980s, ODEs have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Kazuki Irie , Francesco Faccio , Jürgen Schmidhuber

Neural ordinary differential equations are an attractive option for modelling temporal dynamics. However, a fundamental issue is that the solution to an ordinary differential equation is determined by its initial condition, and there is no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Patrick Kidger , James Morrill , James Foster , Terry Lyons

Partial differential equations (PDEs) play a crucial role in studying a vast number of problems in science and engineering. Numerically solving nonlinear and/or high-dimensional PDEs is often a challenging task. Inspired by the traditional…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-01-11 Yihao Hu , Tong Zhao , Shixin Xu , Zhiliang Xu , Lizhen Lin

Numerically solving ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is a naturally serial process and as a result the vast majority of ODE solver software are serial. In this manuscript we developed a set of parallelized ODE solvers using…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-09-13 Utkarsh , Chris Elrod , Yingbo Ma , Christopher Rackauckas

Neural Controlled Differential Equations (Neural CDEs) provide a powerful continuous-time framework for sequence modeling, yet the roughness of the driving control path often restricts their efficiency. Standard splines introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Egor Serov , Ilya Kuleshov , Alexey Zaytsev

The intersection of machine learning and dynamical systems has generated considerable interest recently. Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (NODEs) represent a rich overlap between these fields. In this paper, we develop a continuous…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-16 Maria Oprea , Mark Walth , Robert Stephany , Gabriella Torres Nothaft , Arnaldo Rodriguez-Gonzalez , William Clark

When using recurrent neural networks (RNNs) it is common practice to apply trained models to sequences longer than those seen in training. This "extrapolating" usage deviates from the traditional statistical learning setup where guarantees…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Edo Cohen-Karlik , Avichai Ben David , Nadav Cohen , Amir Globerson

The conjoining of dynamical systems and deep learning has become a topic of great interest. In particular, neural differential equations (NDEs) demonstrate that neural networks and differential equation are two sides of the same coin.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Patrick Kidger

Continuous-time models are a natural choice for irregular and asynchronous data. A central design choice is how to embed discrete observations into continuous time. Interpolation- and imputation-based embeddings reconstruct a continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Benjamin Walker , Alexandre Bloch , Lingyi Yang , Sam Morley , Terry Lyons

To better understand and improve the behavior of neural networks, a recent line of works bridged the connection between ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and deep neural networks (DNNs). The connections are made in two folds: (1) View…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Xinshi Chen

Deep learning has become a pivotal technology in fields such as computer vision, scientific computing, and dynamical systems, significantly advancing these disciplines. However, neural Networks persistently face challenges related to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yongshuai Liu , Lianfang Wang , Kuilin Qin , Qinghua Zhang , Faqiang Wang , Li Cui , Jun Liu , Yuping Duan , Tieyong Zeng

We introduce a novel approach to video modeling that leverages controlled differential equations (CDEs) to address key challenges in video tasks, notably video interpolation and mask propagation. We apply CDEs at varying resolutions leading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Johnathan Chiu , Samuel Duffield , Max Hunter-Gordon , Kaelan Donatella , Max Aifer , Andi Gu

Estimating counterfactual outcomes over time has the potential to unlock personalized healthcare by assisting decision-makers to answer ''what-iF'' questions. Existing causal inference approaches typically consider regular, discrete-time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Nabeel Seedat , Fergus Imrie , Alexis Bellot , Zhaozhi Qian , Mihaela van der Schaar

In this paper, we implement Neural Ordinary Differential Equations in a Variational Autoencoder setting for generative time series modeling. An object-oriented approach to the code was taken to allow for easier development and research and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-14 M. L. Garsdal , V. Søgaard , S. M. Sørensen

Learning curve extrapolation predicts neural network performance from early training epochs and has been applied to accelerate AutoML, facilitating hyperparameter tuning and neural architecture search. However, existing methods typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yanna Ding , Zijie Huang , Xiao Shou , Yihang Guo , Yizhou Sun , Jianxi Gao

Accurate temporal extrapolation remains a fundamental challenge for neural operators modeling dynamical systems, where predictions must extend far beyond the training horizon. Conventional DeepONet approaches rely on two limited paradigms:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Dibyajyoti Nayak , Somdatta Goswami

We study the problem of extrapolative controlled generation, i.e., generating sequences with attribute values beyond the range seen in training. This task is of significant importance in automated design, especially drug discovery, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Vishakh Padmakumar , Richard Yuanzhe Pang , He He , Ankur P. Parikh

Multirate behavior of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) is characterized by widely separated time constants in different components of the solution or different additive terms of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-01-09 Andreas Bartel , Michael Günther

Neural Differential Equations (NDEs) excel at modeling continuous-time dynamics, effectively handling challenges such as irregular observations, missing values, and noise. Despite their advantages, NDEs face a fundamental challenge in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-19 Jonghun Lee , YongKyung Oh , Sungil Kim , Dong-Young Lim