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Federated fine-tuning offers a promising solution for adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to downstream tasks while safeguarding data privacy. However, its high computational and communication demands hinder its deployment on…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yebo Wu , Jingguang Li , Zhijiang Guo , Li Li

Graph neural networks excel at graph representation learning but struggle with heterophilous data and long-range dependencies. And graph transformers address these issues through self-attention, yet face scalability and noise challenges on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Xuanze Chen , Jiajun Zhou , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan

Sparse mixture of experts (SMoE) offers an appealing solution to scale up the model complexity beyond the mean of increasing the network's depth or width. However, effective training of SMoE has proven to be challenging due to the…

Neurons in large language models often exhibit \emph{polysemanticity}, simultaneously encoding multiple unrelated concepts and obscuring interpretability. Instead of relying on post-hoc methods, we present \textbf{MoE-X}, a…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become a prevalent backbone for large vision-language models (VLMs), yet how modality-specific signals should guide expert routing remains under-explored. Existing routing strategies are either hand-crafted or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zi-Hao Bo , Yaqian Li , Anzhou Hou , Rinyoichi Takezoe , Ertao Zhao , Tianxiang Pan , Jiale Yan , Mo Guang , Kaiwen Long

Data-driven weather models have recently achieved state-of-the-art performance, yet progress has plateaued in recent years. This paper introduces a Mixture of Experts (MoWE) approach as a novel paradigm to overcome these limitations, not by…

The integration of multi-modal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and clinical data holds great promise for enhancing the diagnosis of neurological disorders (NDs) in real-world clinical settings. Deep Learning (DL) has recently emerged as a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-19 Wajih Hassan Raza , Aamir Bader Shah , Yu Wen , Yidan Shen , Juan Diego Martinez Lemus , Mya Caryn Schiess , Timothy Michael Ellmore , Renjie Hu , Xin Fu

Quantum machine learning (QML) has emerged as a promising direction in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, offering computational and memory advantages by harnessing superposition and entanglement. However, QML models often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-08 Hoang-Quan Nguyen , Xuan-Bac Nguyen , Sankalp Pandey , Samee U. Khan , Ilya Safro , Khoa Luu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures expand model capacity by sparsely activating experts but face two core challenges: misalignment between router logits and each expert's internal structure leads to unstable routing and expert…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Anzhe Cheng , Shukai Duan , Shixuan Li , Chenzhong Yin , Mingxi Cheng , Heng Ping , Tamoghna Chattopadhyay , Sophia I Thomopoulos , Shahin Nazarian , Paul Thompson , Paul Bogdan

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a promising paradigm for efficiently scaling large language models without a proportional increase in computational cost. However, the standard training strategy of Top-K router prevents MoE models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yaoxiang Wang , Qingguo Hu , Yucheng Ding , Ruizhe Wang , Yeyun Gong , Jian Jiao , Yelong Shen , Peng Cheng , Jinsong Su

This paper presents Variables Adaptive Mixture of Experts (VAMoE), a novel framework for incremental weather forecasting that dynamically adapts to evolving spatiotemporal patterns in real time data. Traditional weather prediction models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Hao Chen , Han Tao , Guo Song , Jie Zhang , Yunlong Yu , Yonghan Dong , Lei Bai

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) decouples model capacity from per-token computation, yet their scalability remains limited by the physical dimensions of depth and width. To overcome this, we propose Mixture of Universal Experts (MOUE),a MoE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yilong Chen , Naibin Gu , Junyuan Shang , Zhenyu Zhang , Yuchen Feng , Jiawei Sheng , Tingwen Liu , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Mixture of Experts (MoE) LLMs face significant obstacles due to their massive parameter scale, which imposes memory, storage, and deployment challenges. Although recent expert merging methods promise greater efficiency by consolidating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Lujun Li , Zhu Qiyuan , Jiacheng Wang , Wei Li , Hao Gu , Sirui Han , Yike Guo

In real-world scenarios, data tends to exhibit a long-tailed distribution, which increases the difficulty of training deep networks. In this paper, we propose a novel self-paced knowledge distillation framework, termed Learning From…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Liuyu Xiang , Guiguang Ding , Jungong Han

While recent large language models (LLMs) improve on various question answering (QA) datasets, it remains difficult for a single model to generalize across question types that require distinct reasoning abilities. We provide empirical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Chenglei Si , Weijia Shi , Chen Zhao , Luke Zettlemoyer , Jordan Boyd-Graber

Due to the inherent difficulty in modeling phonetic similarities across different languages, code-switching speech recognition presents a formidable challenge. This study proposes a Collaborative-MoE, a Mixture of Experts (MoE) model that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Hukai Huang , Jiayan Lin , Kaidi Wang , Yishuang Li , Wenhao Guan , Lin Li , Qingyang Hong

Adapting large-scale foundation models in multi-task scenarios often suffers from task conflict and oblivion. To mitigate such issues, we propose a novel ''model MoE-ization'' strategy that leads to a conflict- and oblivion-resistant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shen Yuan , Yin Zheng , Taifeng Wang , Binbin Liu , Hongteng Xu

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures used in large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art performance across diverse tasks yet face practical challenges such as deployment complexity and low activation efficiency. Expert pruning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Xican Yang , Yuanhe Tian , Yan Song

Scaling the size of a model enhances its capabilities but significantly increases computation complexity. Mixture-of-Experts models (MoE) address the issue by allowing model size to scale up without substantially increasing training or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Zhenpeng Su , Zijia Lin , Xue Bai , Xing Wu , Yizhe Xiong , Haoran Lian , Guangyuan Ma , Hui Chen , Guiguang Ding , Wei Zhou , Songlin Hu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models are experiencing rapid development and demonstrating promising capabilities in robotic manipulation tasks. However, scaling up VLA models presents several critical challenges: (1) Training new VLA models…