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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated notable capabilities across various tasks, showcasing complex problem-solving abilities. Understanding and executing complex rules, along with multi-step planning, are fundamental to logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jiayi Gui , Yiming Liu , Jiale Cheng , Xiaotao Gu , Xiao Liu , Hongning Wang , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang , Minlie Huang

Embodied planning requires agents to make coherent multi-step decisions based on dynamic visual observations and natural language goals. While recent vision-language models (VLMs) excel at static perception tasks, they struggle with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Di Wu , Jiaxin Fan , Junzhe Zang , Guanbo Wang , Wei Yin , Wenhao Li , Bo Jin

Existing tabular reasoning benchmarks mostly test models on small, uniform tables, underrepresenting the complexity of real-world data and giving an incomplete view of Large Language Models' (LLMs) reasoning abilities. Real tables are long,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Nikhil Abhyankar , Purvi Chaurasia , Sanchit Kabra , Ananya Srivastava , Vivek Gupta , Chandan K. Reddy

While neural language models often perform surprisingly well on natural language understanding (NLU) tasks, their strengths and limitations remain poorly understood. Controlled synthetic tasks are thus an increasingly important resource for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Ronen Tamari , Kyle Richardson , Aviad Sar-Shalom , Noam Kahlon , Nelson Liu , Reut Tsarfaty , Dafna Shahaf

Language agents have shown promising adaptability in dynamic environments to perform complex tasks. However, despite the versatile knowledge embedded in large language models, these agents still fall short when it comes to tasks that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Minh Nguyen , Ehsan Shareghi

Commonsense reasoning simulates the human ability to make presumptions about our physical world, and it is an indispensable cornerstone in building general AI systems. We propose a new commonsense reasoning dataset based on human's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Mo Yu , Xiaoxiao Guo , Yufei Feng , Xiaodan Zhu , Michael Greenspan , Murray Campbell

Despite impressive advances in large language models (LLMs), existing benchmarks often focus on single-turn or single-step tasks, failing to capture the kind of iterative reasoning required in real-world settings. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Yiran Zhang , Mo Wang , Xiaoyang Li , Kaixuan Ren , Chencheng Zhu , Usman Naseem

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have achieved strong performance across a range of vision and language tasks. However, their spatial reasoning capabilities are under-investigated. In this paper, we construct a novel VQA dataset, Spatial-MM,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Fatemeh Shiri , Xiao-Yu Guo , Mona Golestan Far , Xin Yu , Gholamreza Haffari , Yuan-Fang Li

We develop a method that integrates the tree of thoughts and multi-agent framework to enhance the capability of pre-trained language models in solving complex, unfamiliar games. The method decomposes game-solving into four incremental tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yunhao Yang , Leonard Berthellemy , Ufuk Topcu

Spatial-temporal reasoning is a challenging task in Artificial Intelligence (AI) due to its demanding but unique nature: a theoretic requirement on representing and reasoning based on spatial-temporal knowledge in mind, and an applied…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-17 Chi Zhang , Baoxiong Jia , Song-Chun Zhu , Yixin Zhu

The self-attention mechanism (SAM) is widely used in various fields of artificial intelligence and has successfully boosted the performance of different models. However, current explanations of this mechanism are mainly based on intuitions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Zhongzhan Huang , Mingfu Liang , Jinghui Qin , Shanshan Zhong , Liang Lin

Despite recent advances in AI, the development of systems capable of executing complex, multi-step reasoning tasks involving multiple tools remains a significant challenge. Current benchmarks fall short in capturing the real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Vaskar Nath , Pranav Raja , Claire Yoon , Sean Hendryx

Spatial reasoning is a key capability in the field of artificial intelligence, especially crucial in areas such as robotics, computer vision, and natural language understanding. However, evaluating the ability of multimodal large language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Rui Xu , Dakuan Lu , Zicheng Zhao , Xiaoyu Tan , Xintao Wang , Siyu Yuan , Jiangjie Chen , Yinghui Xu

Fine-grained visual reasoning remains a core challenge for multimodal large language models (MLLMs). The recently introduced ReasonMap highlights this gap by showing that even advanced MLLMs struggle with spatial reasoning in structured and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Sicheng Feng , Kaiwen Tuo , Song Wang , Lingdong Kong , Jianke Zhu , Huan Wang

Most existing spatial reasoning benchmarks focus on static or globally observable environments, failing to capture the challenges of long-horizon reasoning and memory utilization under partial observability and dynamic changes. We introduce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Pukun Zhao , Longxiang Wang , Miaowei Wang , Chen Chen , Fanqing Zhou , Haojian Huang

Spatial reasoning, which requires ability to perceive and manipulate spatial relationships in the 3D world, is a fundamental aspect of human intelligence, yet remains a persistent challenge for Multimodal large language models (MLLMs).…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Weichen Liu , Qiyao Xue , Haoming Wang , Xiangyu Yin , Boyuan Yang , Wei Gao

We investigate the equilibrium stability and robustness in a class of moving target defense problems, in which players have both incomplete information and asymmetric cognition. We first establish a Bayesian Stackelberg game model for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Hanzheng Zhang , Zhaoyang Cheng , Guanpu Chen , Karl Henrik Johansson

Over the years the Artificial Intelligence (AI) community has produced several datasets which have given the machine learning algorithms the opportunity to learn various skills across various domains. However, a subclass of these machine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-02 Arindam Mitra , Chitta Baral

Our goal is to combine the rich multistep inference of symbolic logical reasoning with the generalization capabilities of neural networks. We are particularly interested in complex reasoning about entities and relations in text and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Rajarshi Das , Arvind Neelakantan , David Belanger , Andrew McCallum

Gradient descent computed by backpropagation (BP) is a widely used learning method for training artificial neural networks but has several limitations: it is computationally demanding, requires frequent manual tuning of the network…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-02 Jiaqi Xing , Libo Chen , ZeZheng Zhang , Mohammed Nazibul Hasan , Zhi-Bin Zhang