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Federated Split Learning (FSL) is a promising distributed learning paradigm in practice, which gathers the strengths of both Federated Learning (FL) and Split Learning (SL) paradigms, to ensure model privacy while diminishing the resource…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Yifan Shi , Yuhui Zhang , Ziyue Huang , Xiaofeng Yang , Li Shen , Wei Chen , Xueqian Wang

Split federated learning (SFL) has emerged as a promising paradigm to democratize machine learning (ML) on edge devices by enabling layer-wise model partitioning. However, existing SFL approaches suffer significantly from the straggler…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zheng Lin , Zhe Chen , Xianhao Chen , Wei Ni , Yue Gao

Privacy-preserving machine learning has become a key conundrum for multi-party artificial intelligence. Federated learning (FL) and Split Learning (SL) are two frameworks that enable collaborative learning while keeping the data private (on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Frédéric Berdoz , Abhishek Singh , Martin Jaggi , Ramesh Raskar

In the distributed collaborative machine learning (DCML) paradigm, federated learning (FL) recently attracted much attention due to its applications in health, finance, and the latest innovations such as industry 4.0 and smart vehicles. FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Chandra Thapa , M. A. P. Chamikara , Seyit A. Camtepe

In federated learning (FL), devices contribute to the global training by uploading their local model updates via wireless channels. Due to limited computation and communication resources, device scheduling is crucial to the convergence rate…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Wenqi Shi , Sheng Zhou , Zhisheng Niu , Miao Jiang , Lu Geng

Wireless networked control system (WNCS) connecting sensors, controllers, and actuators via wireless communications is a key enabling technology for highly scalable and low-cost deployment of control systems in the Industry 4.0 era. Despite…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Zihuai Zhao , Wanchun Liu , Daniel E. Quevedo , Yonghui Li , Branka Vucetic

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients (e.g., edge devices) without sharing raw data. Yet, FL can be computationally expensive as the clients need to train the entire model multiple times.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Chao Huang , Geng Tian , Ming Tang

As the number of sensors becomes massive in Internet of Things (IoT) networks, the amount of data is humongous. To process data in real-time while protecting user privacy, federated learning (FL) has been regarded as an enabling technique…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Jianyang Ren , Wanli Ni , Hui Tian , Gaofeng Nie

Federated learning (FL) enables massive distributed Information and Communication Technology (ICT) devices to learn a global consensus model without any participants revealing their own data to the central server. However, the practicality,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Zhikun Chen , Daofeng Li , Ming Zhao , Sihai Zhang , Jinkang Zhu

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising machine learning approach for Internet of Things (IoT), but it has to address network congestion problems when the population of IoT devices grows. Hierarchical FL (HFL) alleviates this issue by…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Tinghao Zhang , Kwok-Yan Lam , Jun Zhao

Many of the machine learning (ML) tasks are focused on centralized learning (CL), which requires the transmission of local datasets from the clients to a parameter server (PS) leading to a huge communication overhead. Federated learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Ahmet M. Elbir , Sinem Coleri , Kumar Vijay Mishra

Machine learning (ML) is a widely accepted means for supporting customized services for mobile devices and applications. Federated Learning (FL), which is a promising approach to implement machine learning while addressing data privacy…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Tinghao Zhang , Kwok-Yan Lam , Jun Zhao , Feng Li , Huimei Han , Norziana Jamil

Split Federated Learning (SFL) enables scalable training on edge devices by combining the parallelism of Federated Learning (FL) with the computational offloading of Split Learning (SL). Despite its great success, SFL suffers significantly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Dandan Liang , Jianing Zhang , Evan Chen , Zhe Li , Rui Li , Haibo Yang

To leverage massive distributed data and computation resources, machine learning in the network edge is considered to be a promising technique especially for large-scale model training. Federated learning (FL), as a paradigm of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Hao Chen , Shaocheng Huang , Deyou Zhang , Ming Xiao , Mikael Skoglund , H. Vincent Poor

In this paper, we advocate CPN-FedSL, a novel and flexible Federated Split Learning (FedSL) framework over Computing Power Network (CPN). We build a dedicated model to capture the basic settings and learning characteristics (e.g., training…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Xinjing Yuan , Lingjun Pu , Lei Jiao , Xiaofei Wang , Meijuan Yang , Jingdong Xu

Split Learning (SL) is a distributed deep learning approach enabling multiple clients and a server to collaboratively train and infer on a shared deep neural network (DNN) without requiring clients to share their private local data. The DNN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Phillip Rieger , Alessandro Pegoraro , Kavita Kumari , Tigist Abera , Jonathan Knauer , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

We investigate task-success-oriented resource allocation for federated split learning (FSL) at the wireless edge. In this setting, the server must jointly determine bandwidth, transmit power, split-layer placement, compression level, and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zihao Ding , Beining Wu , Jun Huang , Shiwen Mao

Smart farming systems encounter significant challenges, including limited resources, the need for data privacy, and poor connectivity in rural areas. To address these issues, we present eEnergy-Split, an energy-efficient framework that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Keiwan Soltani , Vishesh Kumar Tanwar , Ashish Gupta , Sajal K. Das

Sixth-generation (6G) networks anticipate intelligently supporting a wide range of smart services and innovative applications. Such a context urges a heavy usage of Machine Learning (ML) techniques, particularly Deep Learning (DL), to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Houda Hafi , Bouziane Brik , Pantelis A. Frangoudis , Adlen Ksentini

Federated learning (FL) provides a distributed learning framework for multiple participants to collaborate learning without sharing raw data. In many practical FL scenarios, participants have heterogeneous resources due to disparities in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Junyuan Hong , Haotao Wang , Zhangyang Wang , Jiayu Zhou