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Exceptional points (EPs) are exotic degeneracies of non-Hermitian systems, where the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors simultaneously coalesce in parameter space, and these degeneracies are sensitive to tiny perturbations on…

Non-Hermitian systems with parity-time (PT) symmetric complex potentials can exhibit a phase transition when the degree of non-Hermiticity is increased. Two eigenstates coalesce at a transition point, which is known as the exceptional point…

Optics · Physics 2016-01-07 Kun Ding , Z. Q. Zhang , C. T. Chan

The most intriguing properties of non-Hermitian systems are found near the exceptional points (EPs) at which the Hamiltonian matrix becomes defective. Due to the complex topological structure of the energy Riemann surfaces close to an EP…

Classical Physics · Physics 2018-06-19 Xu-Lin Zhang , Shubo Wang , Bo Hou , C. T. Chan

Exceptional points (EPs) are singularities in non-Hermitian systems, where the system transmission spectrum varies significantly at the phase transition point. Here, we propose a practical scheme to study the changes of the optomechanically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-25 Y. Pan , H. -L. Zhang , Y. -F. Jiao , D. -Y. Wang , S. -L. Su , H. Jing

We explore the existence and stability of exceptional points (EPs) in finite waveguide arrays subject to single-site dissipation. We show that the EP landscape is dictated by a geometry-dependent parity effect, leading to strictly distinct…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-15 J. R. Silva

Non-Hermitian degeneracies, also known as exceptional points (EPs), have been the focus of much attention due to their singular eigenvalue surface structure. Nevertheless, as pertaining to a non-Hermitian metasurface platform, the reduction…

The emergence of various types of degeneracies plays a crucial role in optimizing and engineering different physical phenomena in non-Hermitian physics. In our work, we focus on the derogatory Exceptional Points (EPs), which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Grigory A. Starkov , Sharareh Sayyad

The existence of surface electromagnetic waves in the dielectric-metal interface is due to the sign change of real parts of permittivity across the interface. In this work, we demonstrate that the interface constructed by two semi-infinite…

Optics · Physics 2019-12-16 Xiaohan Cui , Kun Ding , Jian-Wen Dong , Che Ting Chan

Compared with Hermitian theory, non-Hermitian physics offers a fundamentally different mathematical framework, enabling the observation of topological phenomena that have no analogue in Hermitian systems. Among these, the exceptional point…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-24 Zhong-Sheng Chen , Wei-Xin Chen , Fan Wu , Zhong-Wei Xu , Jing Ma , Yun-Kun Jiang , Huai-Zhi Wu , Shi-Biao Zheng

Exceptional points (EPs) are non-Hermitian degeneracies, where both eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce, which are fundamentally distinct from their Hermitian counterparts. In this study, we investigate the influence of hexagonal warping…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Md Afsar Reja , Awadhesh Narayan

Non-Hermitian (NH) systems can display exceptional topological defects without Hermitian counterparts, exemplified by exceptional rings in NH two-dimensional systems. However, exceptional topological features associated with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Shou-Bang Yang , Pei-Rong Han , Wen Ning , Fan Wu , Zhen-Biao Yang , Shi-Biao Zheng

We introduce a class of Parity-Time symmetric elastodynamic metamaterials (Ed-MetaMater) whose Hermitian counterpart exhibits a frequency spectrum with unfolding (fractal) symmetries. Our study reveals a scale-free formation of exceptional…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 Yanghao Fang , Tsampikos Kottos , Ramathasan Thevamaran

Controlling gain and loss of coupled optical cavities can induce non-Hermitian degeneracies of eigenstates, called exceptional points (EPs). Various unconventional phenomena around EPs have been reported, and expected to incorporate extra…

We present a transmission line theory of exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) in coupled-mode guiding structures, i.e., a theory that illustrates the characteristics of coupled electromagnetic modes under a special dispersion degeneracy…

Optics · Physics 2017-09-15 Mohamed A. K. Othman , Filippo Capolino

Chirality is more than a geometric curiosity; it governs measurable asymmetries across nature, from enantiomer-selective drugs and left-handed fermions in particle physics to handed charge transport in Weyl semimetals. We extend this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Kyu-Won Park , KyeongRo Kim , Kabgyun Jeong

Quantum physics can be extended into the complex domain by considering non-Hermitian Hamiltonians that are $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric. These exhibit exceptional points (EPs) where the eigenspectrum changes from purely real to purely imaginary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Jia-Jia Wang , Yu-Hong He , Chang-Geng Liao , Rong-Xin Chen , Jacob A. Dunningham

Exceptional points (EPs) are degeneracy of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, at which the eigenvalues, along with their eigenvectors, coalesce. Their orders are given by the Jordan decomposition. Here, we focus on higher-order EPs arising in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 Kang Yang , Ipsita Mandal

Higher-order exceptional points (EPs), resulting from non-Hermitian degeneracies, have shown greater advantages in sensitive enhancement than second-order EPs (EP2s). Therefore, seeking higher-order EPs in various quantum systems is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-15 Wei Xiong , Zhuanxia Li , Yiling Song , Jiaojiao Chen , Guoqiang Zhang , Mingfeng Wang

Exceptional points are interesting physical phenomena in non-Hermitian physics at which the eigenvalues are degenerate and the eigenvectors coalesce. In this paper, we find that the universal feature of arbitrary non-Hermitian two level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-25 X. R. Wang , F. Yang , X. J. Yu , X. Q. Tong , S. P. Kou

An astroid-shaped loop of exceptional points (EPs), comprising four cusps, is found to spawn from the triple degeneracy point in the Brillouin zone (BZ) of a Lieb lattice with nearest-neighbor hoppings when non-Hermiticity is introduced.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-01-01 Yi-Xin Xiao , Kun Ding , Ruo-Yang Zhang , Zhi Hong Hang , C. T. Chan
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