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The process of contact tracing to reduce the spread of highly infectious and life-threatening diseases has traditionally been a primarily manual process managed by public health entities. This process becomes challenged when faced with a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-08 Gary F. Hatke , Monica Montanari , Swaroop Appadwedula , Michael Wentz , John Meklenburg , Louise Ivers , Jennifer Watson , Paul Fiore

The application of mobile computing is currently altering patterns of our behavior to a greater degree than perhaps any other invention. In combination with the introduction of BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) and similar technologies enabling…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-03-28 Tommy Nilsson

Bluetooth Low Energy systems are one of the most popular solutions used for indoor localization. Unfortunately their accuracy might not be sufficient for some of the applications. One way to reduce localization errors is hybrid positioning,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-01 Marcin Kolakowski

This work presents a mobile sign-on scheme, which utilizes Bluetooth Low Energy beacons for location awareness and Attribute-Based Encryption for expressive, broadcast-style key exchange. Bluetooth Low Energy beacons broadcast encrypted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-04-28 Marcos Portnoi , Chien-Chung Shen

The application layer of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a growing source of security vulnerabilities, as developers often neglect to implement critical protections such as encryption, authentication, and freshness. While formal verification…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Biwei Yan , Yue Zhang , Minghui Xu , Runyu Pan , Jinku Li , Xiuzhen Cheng

iBeacon protocol is widely deployed to provide location-based services. By receiving its BLE advertisements, nearby devices can estimate the proximity to the iBeacon or calculate indoor positions. However, the open nature of these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Xin Na , Xiuzhen Guo , Yuan He , Rui Xi

Recent years have seen major innovations in developing energy-efficient wireless technologies such as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for Internet of Things (IoT). Despite demonstrating significant benefits in providing low power transmission…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Wei Wang , Shiyue He , Liang Sun , Tao Jiang , Qian Zhang

Bluetooth is a promising wireless technology that enables portable devices to form short-range wireless ad hoc networks. Unlike wireless LAN, the communication of Bluetooth devices follow a strict master slave relationship, that is, it is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2012-05-18 Yusuf Perwej , Dr. Kashiful Haq , Uruj Jaleel , Sharad Saxena

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a wireless protocol well suited for ultra-low-power sensors running on small batteries. BLE is described as a new protocol in the official Bluetooth 4.0 specification. To design energy-efficient devices, the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-03-13 Philipp Kindt , Daniel Yunge , Robert Diemer , Samarjit Chakraborty

Modern mobile devices feature multiple wireless technologies, such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and LTE. Each of them is implemented within a separate wireless chip, sometimes packaged as combo chips. However, these chips share components and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Jiska Classen , Francesco Gringoli , Michael Hermann , Matthias Hollick

Clock synchronization is highly desirable in distributed systems, including many applications in the Internet of Things and Humans (IoTH). It improves the efficiency, modularity and scalability of the system, and optimizes use of event…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-04-11 Sabarish Sridhar , Prasant Misra , Gurinder Singh Gill , Jay Warrior

Digital contact tracing approaches based on Bluetooth low energy (BLE) have the potential to efficiently contain and delay outbreaks of infectious diseases such as the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this work we propose a novel machine…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-04-27 Felix Sattler , Jackie Ma , Patrick Wagner , David Neumann , Markus Wenzel , Ralf Schäfer , Wojciech Samek , Klaus-Robert Müller , Thomas Wiegand

Contact tracing is the techno-choice of reference to address the COVID-19 pandemic. Many of the current approaches have severe privacy and security issues and fail to offer a sustainable contact tracing infrastructure. We address these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Pietro Tedeschi , Kang Eun Jeon , James She , Simon Wong , Spiridon Bakiras , Roberto Di Pietro

Bluetooth is a pervasive wireless communication technology used by billions of devices for short-range connectivity. The security of Bluetooth relies on the pairing process, where devices establish shared long-term keys for secure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Keiichiro Kimura , Hiroki Kuzuno , Yoshiaki Shiraishi , Masakatu Morii

This study presents an in-depth analysis of the security landscape in Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) tracking systems, with a particular emphasis on Apple AirTags and Samsung SmartTags, including their cryptographic frameworks. Our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Hosam Alamleh , Michael Gogarty , David Ruddell , Ali Abdullah S. AlQahtani

With the increasing number of sensors in modern vehicles, using an Intra-Vehicular Wireless Sensor Network (IVWSN) is a possible solution for the automotive industry to address the potential issues that arise from additional wiring harness.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Jiun-Ren Lin , Timothy Talty , Ozan K. Tonguz

Differential signaling is a method of data transmission that uses two complementary electrical signals to encode information. This allows a receiver to reject any noise by looking at the difference between the two signals, assuming the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Youqian Zhang , Kasper Rasmussen

The light-emitting diode(LED) is widely used as an indicator on the information device. Early in 2002, Loughry et al studied the exfiltration of LED indicators and found the kind of LEDs unmodulated to indicate some state of the device can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Zheng Zhou , Weiming Zhang , Zichong Yang , Nenghai Yu

Wireless devices resorting to event-triggered communications have been proved to suffer critical privacy issues, due to the intrinsic leakage associated with radio-frequency (RF) emissions. In this paper, we move the attack frontier forward…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Gabriele Oligeri , Savio Sciancalepore , Simone Raponi , Roberto Di Pietro

Modern Internet-enabled smart lights promise energy efficiency and many additional capabilities over traditional lamps. However, these connected lights create a new attack surface, which can be maliciously used to violate users' privacy and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-24 Anindya Maiti , Murtuza Jadliwala