English
Related papers

Related papers: Causal Intervention for Subject-Deconfounded Facia…

200 papers

Causal effect identification considers whether an interventional probability distribution can be uniquely determined from a passively observed distribution in a given causal structure. If the generating system induces context-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Santtu Tikka , Antti Hyttinen , Juha Karvanen

The detection of facial action units (AUs) has been studied as it has the competition due to the wide-ranging applications thereof. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for the AU detection from a single input image by grasping the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Ziqiang Shi , Liu Liu , Zhongling Liu , Rujie Liu , Xiaoyu Mi , and Kentaro Murase

Micro-expression Action Unit (AU) detection identifies localized AUs from subtle facial muscle activations, providing a foundation for decoding affective cues. Previous methods face three key limitations: (1) heavy reliance on low-density…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zhishu Liu , Kaishen Yuan , Bo Zhao , Hui Ma , Zitong Yu

The domain diversities including inconsistent annotation and varied image collection conditions inevitably exist among different facial expression recognition (FER) datasets, which pose an evident challenge for adapting the FER model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Kai Wang , Yuxin Gu , Xiaojiang Peng , Panpan Zhang , Baigui Sun , Hao Li

Modern causal decision-making increasingly demands individualized treatment-effect estimation in networks where interventions are high-dimensional, combinatorial vectors. While network interference, effect heterogeneity, and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-24 Yunping Lu , Haoang Chi , Qirui Hu , Zhiheng Zhang

Understanding the latent causal factors of a dynamical system from visual observations is considered a crucial step towards agents reasoning in complex environments. In this paper, we propose CITRIS, a variational autoencoder framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Phillip Lippe , Sara Magliacane , Sindy Löwe , Yuki M. Asano , Taco Cohen , Efstratios Gavves

Despite the huge success of deep convolutional neural networks in face recognition (FR) tasks, current methods lack explainability for their predictions because of their "black-box" nature. In recent years, studies have been carried out to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Zewei Xu , Yuhang Lu , Touradj Ebrahimi

Prior image-text matching methods have shown remarkable performance on many benchmark datasets, but most of them overlook the bias in the dataset, which exists in intra-modal and inter-modal, and tend to learn the spurious correlations that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Wenhui Li , Xinqi Su , Dan Song , Lanjun Wang , Kun Zhang , An-An Liu

Instrumental variable approaches have gained popularity for estimating causal effects in the presence of unmeasured confounders. However, the availability of instrumental variables in the primary dataset is often challenged due to stringent…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-31 Kang Shuai , Shanshan Luo , Wei Li , Yangbo He

Causal inference in spatial domains faces two intertwined challenges: (1) unmeasured spatial factors, such as weather, air pollution, or mobility, that confound treatment and outcome, and (2) interference from nearby treatments that violate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ayush Khot , Miruna Oprescu , Maresa Schröder , Ai Kagawa , Xihaier Luo

Discovering causal structures from data is a challenging inference problem of fundamental importance in all areas of science. The appealing properties of neural networks have recently led to a surge of interest in differentiable neural…

Among human affective behavior research, facial expression recognition research is improving in performance along with the development of deep learning. However, for improved performance, not only past images but also future images should…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Geesung Oh , Euiseok Jeong , Sejoon Lim

We study the problem of experiment design to learn causal structures from interventional data. We consider an active learning setting in which the experimenter decides to intervene on one of the variables in the system in each step and uses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-09 Amir Amirinezhad , Saber Salehkaleybar , Matin Hashemi

Deep learning has led to tremendous success in computer vision, largely due to Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, CNNs have been shown to be vulnerable to crafted adversarial perturbations. This vulnerability of adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hichem Debbi

Causal effect estimation under observational studies is challenging due to the lack of ground truth data and treatment assignment bias. Though various methods exist in literature for addressing this problem, most of them ignore…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Abhinav Thorat , Ravi Kolla , Niranjan Pedanekar

Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition(DFER) is a rapidly evolving field of research that focuses on the recognition of time-series facial expressions. While previous research on DFER has concentrated on feature learning from a deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Feng Liu , Lingna Gu , Chen Shi , Xiaolan Fu

The automatic intensity estimation of facial action units (AUs) from a single image plays a vital role in facial analysis systems. One big challenge for data-driven AU intensity estimation is the lack of sufficient AU label data. Due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Xinhui Song , Tianyang Shi , Tianjia Shao , Yi Yuan , Zunlei Feng , Changjie Fan

We study experiments on interacting populations of humans and AI agents, where both unit types and the interaction network remain unobserved. Although causal effects propagate throughout the system, the goal is to estimate effects on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-03 William Overman , Sadegh Shirani , Mohsen Bayati

Facial Action Units (AUs) detection is a cornerstone of objective facial expression analysis and a critical focus in affective computing. Despite its importance, AU detection faces significant challenges, such as the high cost of AU…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Bohao Xing , Kaishen Yuan , Zitong Yu , Xin Liu , Heikki Kälviäinen

There exist well-developed frameworks for causal modelling, but these require rather a lot of human domain expertise to define causal variables and perform interventions. In order to enable autonomous agents to learn abstract causal models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Taco Cohen