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Structured reasoning over natural language inputs remains a core challenge in artificial intelligence, as it requires bridging the gap between unstructured linguistic expressions and formal logical representations. In this paper, we propose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Keying Yang , Hao Wang , Kai Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs), excel in natural language understanding, but their capability for complex mathematical reasoning with an amalgamation of structured tables and unstructured text is uncertain. This study explores LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Pragya Srivastava , Manuj Malik , Vivek Gupta , Tanuja Ganu , Dan Roth

Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be capable of impressive few-shot generalisation to new tasks. However, they still tend to perform poorly on multi-step logical reasoning problems. Here we carry out a comprehensive evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Antonia Creswell , Murray Shanahan , Irina Higgins

Quantitative reasoning is a higher-order reasoning skill that any intelligent natural language understanding system can reasonably be expected to handle. We present EQUATE (Evaluating Quantitative Understanding Aptitude in Textual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Abhilasha Ravichander , Aakanksha Naik , Carolyn Rose , Eduard Hovy

Understanding the connections between unstructured text and semi-structured table is an important yet neglected problem in natural language processing. In this work, we focus on content-based table retrieval. Given a query, the task is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-09 Zhao Yan , Duyu Tang , Nan Duan , Junwei Bao , Yuanhua Lv , Ming Zhou , Zhoujun Li

We investigate the use of Natural Language Inference (NLI) in automating requirements engineering tasks. In particular, we focus on three tasks: requirements classification, identification of requirements specification defects, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Mohamad Fazelnia , Viktoria Koscinski , Spencer Herzog , Mehdi Mirakhorli

In this paper, we observe that semi-structured tabulated text is ubiquitous; understanding them requires not only comprehending the meaning of text fragments, but also implicit relationships between them. We argue that such data can prove…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Vivek Gupta , Maitrey Mehta , Pegah Nokhiz , Vivek Srikumar

Natural language inference (NLI) is formulated as a unified framework for solving various NLP problems such as relation extraction, question answering, summarization, etc. It has been studied intensively in the past few years thanks to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Wenpeng Yin , Dragomir Radev , Caiming Xiong

In the recent past, Natural language Inference (NLI) has gained significant attention, particularly given its promise for downstream NLP tasks. However, its true impact is limited and has not been well studied. Therefore, in this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Anshuman Mishra , Dhruvesh Patel , Aparna Vijayakumar , Xiang Li , Pavan Kapanipathi , Kartik Talamadupula

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have made significant advances in natural language inference (NLI) tasks, however their sensitivity to textual perturbations and dependence on large datasets indicate an over-reliance on shallow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Mingyue Liu , Ryo Ueda , Zhen Wan , Katsumi Inoue , Chris G. Willcocks

Multilingual language models achieve impressive zero-shot accuracies in many languages in complex tasks such as Natural Language Inference (NLI). Examples in NLI (and equivalent complex tasks) often pertain to various types of sub-tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Karthikeyan K , Aalok Sathe , Somak Aditya , Monojit Choudhury

State of the art models using deep neural networks have become very good in learning an accurate mapping from inputs to outputs. However, they still lack generalization capabilities in conditions that differ from the ones encountered during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Alexey Romanov , Chaitanya Shivade

This paper presents our system description and error analysis of our entry for NLLP 2024 shared task on Legal Natural Language Inference (L-NLI) \citep{hagag2024legallenssharedtask2024}. The task required classifying these relationships as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ram Mohan Rao Kadiyala , Siddartha Pullakhandam , Kanwal Mehreen , Subhasya Tippareddy , Ashay Srivastava

Existing Natural Language Inference (NLI) datasets, while being instrumental in the advancement of Natural Language Understanding (NLU) research, are not related to scientific text. In this paper, we introduce SciNLI, a large dataset for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Mobashir Sadat , Cornelia Caragea

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is a central task in natural language understanding with applications in fact-checking, question answering, and information retrieval. Despite its importance, current NLI systems heavily rely on supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Pablo Miralles-González , Javier Huertas-Tato , Alejandro Martín , David Camacho

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is the task of inferring the logical relationship, typically entailment or contradiction, between a premise and hypothesis. Code-mixing is the use of more than one language in the same conversation or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Simran Khanuja , Sandipan Dandapat , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

Statistical language models conventionally implement representation learning based on the contextual distribution of words or other formal units, whereas any information related to the logographic features of written text are often ignored,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Zijian Jin , Duygu Ataman

Reasoning about tabular information presents unique challenges to modern NLP approaches which largely rely on pre-trained contextualized embeddings of text. In this paper, we study these challenges through the problem of tabular natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-12 J. Neeraja , Vivek Gupta , Vivek Srikumar

In recent years, the Natural Language Inference (NLI) task has garnered significant attention, with new datasets and models achieving near human-level performance on it. However, the full promise of NLI -- particularly that it learns…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Anshuman Mishra , Dhruvesh Patel , Aparna Vijayakumar , Xiang Li , Pavan Kapanipathi , Kartik Talamadupula

Natural Language Inference (NLI) aims to determine the logic relationships (i.e., entailment, neutral and contradiction) between a pair of premise and hypothesis. Recently, the alignment mechanism effectively helps NLI by capturing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-12 Zhen Cheng , Zaixiang Zheng , Xin-Yu Dai , Shujian Huang , Jiajun Chen