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Self-supervised learning techniques are celebrating immense success in natural language processing (NLP) by enabling models to learn from broad language data at unprecedented scales. Here, we aim to leverage the success of these techniques…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-01-18 Armin W. Thomas , Christopher Ré , Russell A. Poldrack

As AI systems become more intelligent and their behavior becomes more challenging to assess, they may learn to game the flaws of human feedback instead of genuinely striving to follow instructions; however, this risk can be mitigated by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Joshua Clymer , Garrett Baker , Rohan Subramani , Sam Wang

We introduce the new task of generating Illustrated Instructions, i.e., visual instructions customized to a user's needs. We identify desiderata unique to this task, and formalize it through a suite of automatic and human evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Sachit Menon , Ishan Misra , Rohit Girdhar

Instruction following is one of the fundamental capabilities of large language models (LLMs). As the ability of LLMs is constantly improving, they have been increasingly applied to deal with complex human instructions in real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Bosi Wen , Pei Ke , Xiaotao Gu , Lindong Wu , Hao Huang , Jinfeng Zhou , Wenchuang Li , Binxin Hu , Wendy Gao , Jiaxin Xu , Yiming Liu , Jie Tang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Instruction tuning -- tuning large language models on instruction-output pairs -- is a promising technique for making models better adapted to the real world. Yet, the key factors driving the model's capability to understand and follow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Dylan Zhang , Justin Wang , Francois Charton

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various natural language processing tasks. Despite this, their application to information retrieval (IR) tasks is still challenging due to the infrequent occurrence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Yutao Zhu , Peitian Zhang , Chenghao Zhang , Yifei Chen , Binyu Xie , Zheng Liu , Ji-Rong Wen , Zhicheng Dou

Despite the fact that large language models (LLMs) show exceptional skill in instruction following tasks, this strength can turn into a vulnerability when the models are required to disregard certain instructions. Instruction-following…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yerin Hwang , Yongil Kim , Jahyun Koo , Taegwan Kang , Hyunkyung Bae , Kyomin Jung

This paper presents instruct-imagen, a model that tackles heterogeneous image generation tasks and generalizes across unseen tasks. We introduce *multi-modal instruction* for image generation, a task representation articulating a range of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Hexiang Hu , Kelvin C. K. Chan , Yu-Chuan Su , Wenhu Chen , Yandong Li , Kihyuk Sohn , Yang Zhao , Xue Ben , Boqing Gong , William Cohen , Ming-Wei Chang , Xuhui Jia

Recent progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) has produced models that exhibit remarkable performance across a variety of NLP tasks. However, it remains unclear whether the existing focus of NLP research accurately captures the genuine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Siru Ouyang , Shuohang Wang , Yang Liu , Ming Zhong , Yizhu Jiao , Dan Iter , Reid Pryzant , Chenguang Zhu , Heng Ji , Jiawei Han

Multi-task learning (MTL) has received considerable attention, and numerous deep learning applications benefit from MTL with multiple objectives. However, constructing multiple related tasks is difficult, and sometimes only a single task is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-25 Tao Gui , Lizhi Qing , Qi Zhang , Jiacheng Ye , Hang Yan , Zichu Fei , Xuanjing Huang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable task generalization, solving tasks they were never explicitly trained on with only a few demonstrations. This raises a fundamental question: When can learning from a small set of tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Amirhesam Abedsoltan , Huaqing Zhang , Kaiyue Wen , Hongzhou Lin , Jingzhao Zhang , Mikhail Belkin

In human environments, robots are expected to accomplish a variety of manipulation tasks given simple natural language instructions. Yet, robotic manipulation is extremely challenging as it requires fine-grained motor control, long-term…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Pierre-Louis Guhur , Shizhe Chen , Ricardo Garcia , Makarand Tapaswi , Ivan Laptev , Cordelia Schmid

Despite the effectiveness of vision-language supervised fine-tuning in enhancing the performance of Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs). However, existing visual instruction tuning datasets include the following limitations: (1)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yangzhou Liu , Yue Cao , Zhangwei Gao , Weiyun Wang , Zhe Chen , Wenhai Wang , Hao Tian , Lewei Lu , Xizhou Zhu , Tong Lu , Yu Qiao , Jifeng Dai

When a number of similar tasks have to be learned simultaneously, multi-task learning (MTL) models can attain significantly higher accuracy than single-task learning (STL) models. However, the advantage of MTL depends on various factors,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Afiya Ayman , Ayan Mukhopadhyay , Aron Laszka

Text matching is a fundamental technique in both information retrieval and natural language processing. Text matching tasks share the same paradigm that determines the relationship between two given texts. The relationships vary from task…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Shicheng Xu , Liang Pang , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated human-like instruction-following abilities, particularly those exceeding 100 billion parameters. The combined capability of some smaller, resource-friendly LLMs can address most of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yi-Kai Zhang , De-Chuan Zhan , Han-Jia Ye

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is revolutionising the way both professionals and laypersons operate in the legal field. The considerable potential for NLP in the legal sector, especially in developing computational assistance tools for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Farid Ariai , Joel Mackenzie , Gianluca Demartini

Meta-learning enables models to rapidly adapt to new tasks by leveraging prior experience, but its adaptation mechanisms remain opaque, especially regarding how past training tasks influence future predictions. We introduce TLXML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yoshihiro Mitsuka , Shadan Golestan , Zahin Sufiyan , Shotaro Miwa , Osmar R. Zaiane

The advancements in deep learning, particularly the introduction of transformers, have been pivotal in enhancing various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. These include text-to-text applications such as machine translation, text…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Gospel Ozioma Nnadi , Flavio Bertini

Despite the recent success of multi-task learning and transfer learning for natural language processing (NLP), few works have systematically studied the effect of scaling up the number of tasks during pre-training. Towards this goal, this…