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Leaderboards showcase the current capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs). To motivate the development of LLMs that represent the linguistic and cultural diversity of the Spanish-speaking community, we present La…

There is an increasing focus on model-based dialog evaluation metrics such as ADEM, RUBER, and the more recent BERT-based metrics. These models aim to assign a high score to all relevant responses and a low score to all irrelevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-25 Ananya B. Sai , Akash Kumar Mohankumar , Siddhartha Arora , Mitesh M. Khapra

Multilingual Transformer-based language models, usually pretrained on more than 100 languages, have been shown to achieve outstanding results in a wide range of cross-lingual transfer tasks. However, it remains unknown whether the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Laura Pérez-Mayos , Alba Táboas García , Simon Mille , Leo Wanner

Spoken language models (SLMs) have advanced rapidly in recent years, accompanied by a growing number of evaluation benchmarks. However, most existing benchmarks emphasize task completion and capability scaling, while remaining poorly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zehan Li , Hongjie Chen , Qing Wang , Yuxin Zhang , Jing Zhou , Hang Lv , Mengjie Du , Yaodong Song , Jie Lian , Jian Kang , Jie Li , Yongxiang Li , Xuelong Li

We analyze various methods for single-label and multi-label text classification across well-known datasets, categorizing them into bag-of-words, sequence-based, graph-based, and hierarchical approaches. Despite the surge in methods like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Lukas Galke , Ansgar Scherp , Andor Diera , Fabian Karl , Bao Xin Lin , Bhakti Khera , Tim Meuser , Tushar Singhal

Named entity recognition (NER) is frequently addressed as a sequence classification task where each input consists of one sentence of text. It is nevertheless clear that useful information for the task can often be found outside of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Jouni Luoma , Sampo Pyysalo

Many self-supervised speech models (S3Ms) have been introduced over the last few years, improving performance and data efficiency on various speech tasks. However, these empirical successes alone do not give a complete picture of what is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Ankita Pasad , Chung-Ming Chien , Shane Settle , Karen Livescu

Suicidal ideation is a serious health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. Social networks provide information about these mental health problems through users' emotional expressions. We propose a multilingual model leveraging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Rodolfo Zevallos , Annika Schoene , John E. Ortega

Recent multi-modal Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4o have demonstrated strong capabilities of direct speech interaction. However, the lack of specialized and comprehensive benchmarks for end-to-end speech LLM evaluation hinders…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Linhao Zhang , Jian Zhang , Bokai Lei , Chuhan Wu , Aiwei Liu , Wei Jia , Xiao Zhou

Pretraining sentence encoders with language modeling and related unsupervised tasks has recently been shown to be very effective for language understanding tasks. By supplementing language model-style pretraining with further training on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Jason Phang , Thibault Févry , Samuel R. Bowman

We propose a new uniform framework for text classification and ranking that can automate the process of identifying check-worthy sentences in political debates and speech transcripts. Our framework combines the semantic analysis of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Ting Su , Craig Macdonald , Iadh Ounis

Dictionary example sentences play an important role in illustrating word definitions and usage, but manually creating quality sentences is challenging. Prior works have demonstrated that language models can be trained to generate example…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Bill Cai , Clarence Boon Liang Ng , Daniel Tan , Shelvia Hotama

This paper describes the training process of the first Czech monolingual language representation models based on BERT and ALBERT architectures. We pre-train our models on more than 340K of sentences, which is 50 times more than multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Jakub Sido , Ondřej Pražák , Pavel Přibáň , Jan Pašek , Michal Seják , Miloslav Konopík

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been profusely evaluated on their ability to answer questions on many topics and their performance on different natural language understanding tasks. Those tests are usually conducted in English, but most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Marina Mayor-Rocher , Nina Melero , Elena Merino-Gómez , María Grandury , Javier Conde , Pedro Reviriego

For the task of conversation emotion recognition, recent works focus on speaker relationship modeling but ignore the role of utterance's emotional tendency.In this paper, we propose a new expression paradigm of sentence-level emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Zaijing Li , Fengxiao Tang , Tieyu Sun , Yusen Zhu , Ming Zhao

Hate speech poses a serious threat to social cohesion and individual well-being, particularly on social media, where it spreads rapidly. While research on hate speech detection has progressed, it remains largely focused on English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Paloma Piot , José Ramom Pichel Campos , Javier Parapar

With hundreds of multilingual embedding models available, practitioners lack clear guidance on which provide genuine cross-lingual semantic alignment versus task performance through language-specific patterns. Task-driven benchmarks (MTEB)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Wen G. Gong

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, conversational bots have became prevalent in mainstream E-commerce platforms, which can provide convenient customer service timely. To satisfy the user, the conversational bots need to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Zhenyu Zhang , Tao Guo , Meng Chen

As large language models achieve impressive scores on traditional benchmarks, an increasing number of researchers are becoming concerned about benchmark data leakage during pre-training, commonly known as the data contamination problem. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Kun Qian , Shunji Wan , Claudia Tang , Youzhi Wang , Xuanming Zhang , Maximillian Chen , Zhou Yu

Utilizing Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) models for Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) has proven effective, yet limited research has explored cross-lingual scenarios. This study presents a comparative analysis between human performance and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Zhichen Han , Tianqi Geng , Hui Feng , Jiahong Yuan , Korin Richmond , Yuanchao Li