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This paper studies streaming optimization problems that have objectives of the form $ \sum_{t=1}^Tf(\mathbf{x}_{t-1},\mathbf{x}_t)$. In particular, we are interested in how the solution $\hat{\mathbf{x} }_{t|T}$ for the $t$th frame of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-26 Tomer Hamam , Justin Romberg

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) is a critical component of voice assistants; it consists of converting speech to semantic parses for task execution. Previous works have explored end-to-end models to improve the quality and robustness of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Trang Le , Daniel Lazar , Suyoun Kim , Shan Jiang , Duc Le , Adithya Sagar , Aleksandr Livshits , Ahmed Aly , Akshat Shrivastava

RNN-T-based keyword spotting (KWS) with autoregressive decoding~(AR) has gained attention due to its streaming architecture and superior performance. However, the simplicity of the prediction network in RNN-T poses an overfitting issue,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Yu Xi , Xiaoyu Gu , Haoyu Li , Jun Song , Bo Zheng , Kai Yu

Nowadays, online learning is an appealing learning paradigm, which is of great interest in practice due to the recent emergence of large scale applications such as online advertising placement and online web ranking. Standard online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Biyi Fang , Diego Klabjan

Motivated by the prevalence and success of machine learning, a line of recent work has studied learning-augmented algorithms in the streaming model. These results have shown that for natural and practical oracles implemented with machine…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Soham Nagawanshi , Shalini Panthangi , Chen Wang , David P. Woodruff , Samson Zhou

Continuous diffusion and flow models are attractive for non-autoregressive text generation because they can update all positions in parallel. A major difficulty is the interface between continuous latent states and discrete tokens. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 De Shuai Zhang

We study unconstrained Online Linear Optimization with Lipschitz losses. Motivated by the pursuit of instance optimality, we propose a new algorithm that simultaneously achieves ($i$) the AdaGrad-style second order gradient adaptivity; and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Zhiyu Zhang , Heng Yang , Ashok Cutkosky , Ioannis Ch. Paschalidis

Streaming automatic speech recognition (ASR) aims to emit each hypothesized word as quickly and accurately as possible, while full-context ASR waits for the completion of a full speech utterance before emitting completed hypotheses. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Jiahui Yu , Wei Han , Anmol Gulati , Chung-Cheng Chiu , Bo Li , Tara N. Sainath , Yonghui Wu , Ruoming Pang

Extracting latent low-dimensional structure from high-dimensional data is of paramount importance in timely inference tasks encountered with `Big Data' analytics. However, increasingly noisy, heterogeneous, and incomplete datasets as well…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-06-19 Morteza Mardani , Gonzalo Mateos , Georgios B. Giannakis

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has led to significant improvements in their capabilities, but also to increased concerns about their alignment with human values and intentions. Current alignment strategies, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Hantao Lou , Jiaming Ji , Kaile Wang , Yaodong Yang

The goal of a learner in standard online learning is to maintain an average loss close to the loss of the best-performing single function in some class. In many real-world problems, such as rating or ranking items, there is no single best…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-03-18 Edward Moroshko , Koby Crammer

Diffusion-based video super-resolution (VSR) methods deliver strong perceptual quality but are often unsuitable for latency-sensitive scenarios due to reliance on future frames and expensive multi-step denoising. We propose Stream-DiffVSR,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Hau-Shiang Shiu , Chin-Yang Lin , Zhixiang Wang , Chi-Wei Hsiao , Po-Fan Yu , Yu-Chih Chen , Yu-Lun Liu

Recent Speech Large Language Models~(LLMs) have achieved impressive capabilities in end-to-end speech interaction. However, the prevailing autoregressive paradigm imposes strict serial constraints, limiting generation efficiency and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ziyang Cheng , Yuhao Wang , Heyang Liu , Ronghua Wu , Qunshan Gu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Natural intelligence processes experience as a continuous stream, sensing, acting, and learning moment-by-moment in real time. Streaming learning, the modus operandi of classic reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms like Q-learning and TD,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Mohamed Elsayed , Gautham Vasan , A. Rupam Mahmood

We study online conformal prediction for non-stationary data streams subject to unknown distribution drift. While most prior work studied this problem under adversarial settings and/or assessed performance in terms of gaps of time-averaged…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-06 Jiadong Liang , Zhimei Ren , Yuxin Chen

This paper proposes a novel online audio-visual speaker extraction model. In the streaming regime, most studies optimize the audio network only, leaving the visual frontend less explored. We first propose a lightweight visual frontend based…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Zexu Pan , Wupeng Wang , Shengkui Zhao , Chong Zhang , Kun Zhou , Yukun Ma , Bin Ma

In this paper, we propose a streaming model to distinguish voice queries intended for a smart-home device from background speech. The proposed model consists of multiple CNN layers with residual connections, followed by a stacked LSTM…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-21 Xiaosu Tong , Che-Wei Huang , Sri Harish Mallidi , Shaun Joseph , Sonal Pareek , Chander Chandak , Ariya Rastrow , Roland Maas

We propose an online learning algorithm for a class of machine learning models under a separable stochastic approximation framework. The essence of our idea lies in the observation that certain parameters in the models are easier to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Min Gan , Xiang-xiang Su , Guang-yong Chen , Jing Chen

Sequence-to-sequence models with soft attention had significant success in machine translation, speech recognition, and question answering. Though capable and easy to use, they require that the entirety of the input sequence is available at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-04 Yuping Luo , Chung-Cheng Chiu , Navdeep Jaitly , Ilya Sutskever

In streaming automatic speech recognition (ASR), it is desirable to reduce latency as much as possible while having minimum impact on recognition accuracy. Although a few existing methods are able to achieve this goal, they are difficult to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-02 Wei Kang , Zengwei Yao , Fangjun Kuang , Liyong Guo , Xiaoyu Yang , Long lin , Piotr Żelasko , Daniel Povey