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Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly used to optimize the analysis and synthesis of legal documents, enabling the automation of tasks such as summarization, classification, and retrieval of legal information. This study aims…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Matheus Belarmino , Rackel Coelho , Roberto Lotudo , Jayr Pereira

The use of transfer learning methods is largely responsible for the present breakthrough in Natural Learning Processing (NLP) tasks across multiple domains. In order to solve the problem of sentiment detection, we examined the performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-05 Olumide Ebenezer Ojo , Hoang Thang Ta , Alexander Gelbukh , Hiram Calvo , Olaronke Oluwayemisi Adebanji , Grigori Sidorov

This work involves the usage of various NLP models to predict the winner of a particular judgment by the means of text extraction and summarization from a judgment document. These documents are useful when it comes to legal proceedings. One…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Stanley Kingston , Prassanth , Shrinivas A , Balamurugan MS , Manoj Kumar Rajagopal

The rising prevalence of mental health disorders necessitates the development of robust, automated tools for early detection and monitoring. Recent advances in Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly transformer-based architectures,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Khalid Hasan , Jamil Saquer , Mukulika Ghosh

Legal Judgment Prediction is one of the most acclaimed fields for the combined area of NLP, AI, and Law. By legal prediction we mean an intelligent systems capable to predict specific judicial characteristics, such as judicial outcome, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Vithor Gomes Ferreira Bertalan , Evandro Eduardo Seron Ruiz

The use of BERT, one of the most popular language models, has led to improvements in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. One such task is Named Entity Recognition (NER) i.e. automatic identification of named entities such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Harshil Darji , Jelena Mitrović , Michael Granitzer

Pre-trained Transformers currently dominate most NLP tasks. They impose, however, limits on the maximum input length (512 sub-words in BERT), which are too restrictive in the legal domain. Even sparse-attention models, such as Longformer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Dimitris Mamakas , Petros Tsotsi , Ion Androutsopoulos , Ilias Chalkidis

Transformer-based language models such as BERT have become foundational in NLP, yet their performance degrades in specialized domains like patents, which contain long, technical, and legally structured text. Prior approaches to patent NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Amirhossein Yousefiramandi , Ciaran Cooney

With the advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Large Language Models (LLMs), there is a profound transformation occurring in the realm of natural language processing tasks within the legal domain. The capabilities of LLMs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Weicong Qin , Zhongxiang Sun

Recently, the development of pre-trained language models has brought natural language processing (NLP) tasks to the new state-of-the-art. In this paper we explore the efficiency of various pre-trained language models. We pre-train a list of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Tong Guo

This paper addresses the classification of Arabic text data in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), with a particular focus on Natural Language Inference (NLI) and Contradiction Detection (CD). Arabic is considered a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Mohammad Majd Saad Al Deen , Maren Pielka , Jörn Hees , Bouthaina Soulef Abdou , Rafet Sifa

BERT has achieved impressive performance in several NLP tasks. However, there has been limited investigation on its adaptation guidelines in specialised domains. Here we focus on the legal domain, where we explore several approaches for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Ilias Chalkidis , Manos Fergadiotis , Prodromos Malakasiotis , Nikolaos Aletras , Ion Androutsopoulos

Better understanding of Large Language Models' (LLMs) legal analysis abilities can contribute to improving the efficiency of legal services, governing artificial intelligence, and leveraging LLMs to identify inconsistencies in law. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 John J. Nay , David Karamardian , Sarah B. Lawsky , Wenting Tao , Meghana Bhat , Raghav Jain , Aaron Travis Lee , Jonathan H. Choi , Jungo Kasai

In a context where the Brazilian judiciary system, the largest in the world, faces a crisis due to the slow processing of millions of cases, it becomes imperative to develop efficient methods for analyzing legal texts. We introduce uBERT, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Israel Fama , Bárbara Bueno , Alexandre Alcoforado , Thomas Palmeira Ferraz , Arnold Moya , Anna Helena Reali Costa

Recent years have witnessed a substantial increase in the use of deep learning to solve various natural language processing (NLP) problems. Early deep learning models were constrained by their sequential or unidirectional nature, such that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jiajia Wang , Jimmy X. Huang , Xinhui Tu , Junmei Wang , Angela J. Huang , Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar , Amran Bhuiyan

BERT has revolutionized the NLP field by enabling transfer learning with large language models that can capture complex textual patterns, reaching the state-of-the-art for an expressive number of NLP applications. For text classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Frederico Souza , João Filho

Offensive language detection is an ever-growing natural language processing (NLP) application. This growth is mainly because of the widespread usage of social networks, which becomes a mainstream channel for people to communicate, work, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Ehab Hamdy

Analogies play a central role in human commonsense reasoning. The ability to recognize analogies such as "eye is to seeing what ear is to hearing", sometimes referred to as analogical proportions, shape how we structure knowledge and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-12 Asahi Ushio , Luis Espinosa-Anke , Steven Schockaert , Jose Camacho-Collados

Legal judgment prediction (LJP) applies Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to predict judgment results based on fact descriptions automatically. Recently, large-scale public datasets and advances in NLP research have led to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Junyun Cui , Xiaoyu Shen , Feiping Nie , Zheng Wang , Jinglong Wang , Yulong Chen

In recent years, the field of Legal Tech has risen in prevalence, as the Natural Language Processing (NLP) and legal disciplines have combined forces to digitalize legal processes. Amidst the steady flow of research solutions stemming from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Juraj Vladika , Stephen Meisenbacher , Martina Preis , Alexandra Klymenko , Florian Matthes