Related papers: Spatio-temporally graded causality: a model

The representations of the world around in physics built with help of causality are analyzed and seems incomplete. The observer's causal representations form a closed logical system, i.e. the compact group related to cause-effect chains.…

A recently proposed algebraic representation of the causal set model of the small-scale structure of space-time of Sorkin et al. is briefly reviewed and expanded. The algebraic model suggested, called quantum causal set, is physically…

Multiple metrics have been developed to detect causality relations between data describing the elements constituting complex systems, all of them considering their evolution through time. Here we propose a metric able to detect causality…

Causal inference uses observations to infer the causal structure of the data generating system. We study a class of functional models that we call Time Series Models with Independent Noise (TiMINo). These models require independent residual…

In medicine one frequently deals with vague information. As a tool for reasoning in this area, fuzzy logic suggests itself. In this paper we explore the applicability of the basic ideas of fuzzy set theory in the context of medical…

The study of causal relations has recently been applied to the quantum realm, leading to the discovery that not all physical processes have a definite causal structure. While indefinite causal processes have previously been experimentally…

We introduce an evidential model for time-to-event prediction with censored data. In this model, uncertainty on event time is quantified by Gaussian random fuzzy numbers, a newly introduced family of random fuzzy subsets of the real line…

This paper examines attribute dependencies in data that involve grades, such as a grade to which an object is red or a grade to which two objects are similar. We thus extend the classical agenda by allowing graded, or fuzzy, attributes…

The first goal of this paper is to show that discreteness, locality, and relativistic covariance can peacefully coexist if the ordinary spacetime (OST) is replaced with phase spacetime (PST) as a geometric background of a Poisson process,…

Given two time series, can one tell, in a rigorous and quantitative way, the cause and effect between them? Based on a recently rigorized physical notion namely information flow, we arrive at a concise formula and give this challenging…

The causal set approach to quantum gravity embodies the concepts of causality and discreteness. This article explores some foundational and conceptual issues within causal set theory.

Based on the in-depth analysis of the nature and features of vague phenomenon, this paper focuses on establishing the axiomatical foundation of the membership degree theory for vague phenomenon, presents an axiomatic system of governing…

To clarify some aspects of the application of Special Relativity, spacetime is sliced into null geodesic hypersurfaces as an alternative to the hypersurfaces of simultaneity normally adopted. Events at particle locations on the hypersurface…

In general relativity, `causal structure' refers to the partial order on space-time points (or regions) that encodes time-like relationships. Recently, quantum information and quantum foundations saw the emergence of a `causality…

The Causal Set Theory (CST) approach to quantum gravity is motivated by the observation that, associated with any causal spacetime (M,g) is a poset (M,<), with the order relation < corresponding to the spacetime causal relation. Spacetime…

The arrangement of things in n-dimensional space is specified as Spatial. Spatial data consists of values that denote the location and shape of objects and areas on the earths surface. Spatial information includes facts such as location of…

Drawing from the theory of optimal transport we propose a rigorous notion of a causal relation for Borel probability measures on a given spacetime. To prepare the ground, we explore the borderland between causality, topology and measure…

This article studies the estimation of the causal effect of a time-varying treatment on time-to-an-event or on some other continuously distributed outcome. The paper applies to the situation where treatment is repeatedly adapted to…

In many scientific contexts, different investigators experiment with or observe different variables with data from a domain in which the distinct variable sets might well be related. This sort of fragmentation sometimes occurs in molecular…

Quantum nonseparability is a central feature of quantum mechanics, and raises important philosophical questions. Interestingly, a particular theoretical development of quantum mechanics, called the process matrix formalism (PMF), features…