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We examine a constrained Markov decision process under uncertain transition probabilities, with the uncertainty modeled as deviations from observed transition probabilities. We construct the uncertainty set associated with the deviations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-15 V Varagapriya

String diagrams can nicely express numerous computations in symmetric strict monoidal categories (SSMC). To be entirely exact, this is only true for props: the SSMCs whose monoid of objects are free. In this paper, we show a propification…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-17 Titouan Carette

Many segmentation tasks, such as medical image segmentation or future state prediction, are inherently ambiguous, meaning that multiple predictions are equally correct. Current methods typically rely on generative models to capture this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Sebastian Gerard , Josephine Sullivan

This paper addresses the general problem of modelling and learning rank data with ties. We propose a probabilistic generative model, that models the process as permutations over partitions. This results in super-exponential combinatorial…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2010-10-05 Tran The Truyen , Dinh Q. Phung , Svetha Venkatesh

Monadic decomposability is a notion of variable independence, which asks whether a given formula in a first-order theory is expressible as a Boolean combination of monadic predicates in the theory. Recently, Veanes et al. showed the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Matthew Hague , Anthony Widjaja Lin , Philipp Rümmer , Zhilin Wu

Probabilistic conditioning is concerned with the identification of a distribution of a random variable $X$ given a random variable $Y$. It is a cornerstone of scientific and engineering applications where modeling uncertainty is key. This…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Panos Tsimpos , Edoardo Calvello , Ayoub Belhadji , Nicholas H. Nelsen

Partial Markov categories are a recent framework for categorical probability theory that provide an abstract account of partial probabilistic computation with updating semantics. In this article, we discuss two order relations on the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Elena Di Lavore , Mario Román , Paweł Sobociński , Márk Széles

In this paper, we develop category theory of Markov kernels to study categorical aspects of Bayesian inversions. As a result, we present a unified model for Bayesian supervised learning, encompassing Bayesian density estimation. We…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Hông Vân Lê

We reminisce and discuss applications of algorithmic probability to a wide range of problems in artificial intelligence, philosophy and technological society. We propose that Solomonoff has effectively axiomatized the field of artificial…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Eray Özkural

As physics searches for invariants in observations, this paper looks for invariants of probabilistic observation without assuming physical structure. Structure emerges from the basic assumption of science that new information shall lead to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Johann Summhammer

A density matrix $\rho$ may be represented in many different ways as a mixture of pure states, $\rho = \sum_i p_i |\psi_i\ra \la \psi_i|$. This paper characterizes the class of probability distributions $(p_i)$ that may appear in such a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 M. A. Nielsen

Rankings are central to decision-making in fields ranging from education to online platforms, yet classical deterministic methods such as the Borda count method or Copeland-type pairwise methods ignore uncertainty due to sampling noise or…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-20 Shunpu Zhang

We consider the synthesis of control policies for probabilistic systems, modeled by Markov decision processes, operating in partially known environments with temporal logic specifications. The environment is modeled by a set of Markov…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-03-07 Tichakorn Wongpiromsarn , Emilio Frazzoli

Kolmogorov complexity and algorithmic probability are defined only up to an additive resp. multiplicative constant, since their actual values depend on the choice of the universal reference computer. In this paper, we analyze a natural…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-03-29 Markus Mueller

An important approach for efficient inference in probabilistic graphical models exploits symmetries among objects in the domain. Symmetric variables (states) are collapsed into meta-variables (meta-states) and inference algorithms are run…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-07-01 Ankit Anand , Aditya Grover , Mausam , Parag Singla

We introduce a notion of the ``explanation" of one (generalized) probabilistic model by another as particular kind of span in the category $\Prob$ of probabilistic models and morphisms. We show that explanations compose under a standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 John Harding , Alex Wilce

Though neural network models demonstrate impressive performance, we do not understand exactly how these black-box models make individual predictions. This drawback has led to substantial research devoted to understand these models in areas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Serena Booth , Ankit Shah , Yilun Zhou , Julie Shah

Matrix models are a promising candidate for a nonperturbative formulation of the superstring theory. It is possible to study how the standard model and other phenomenological models appear from the matrix model, and estimate the probability…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-20 Hajime Aoki

We introduce a new setting, the category of $\omega$PAP spaces, for reasoning denotationally about expressive differentiable and probabilistic programming languages. Our semantics is general enough to assign meanings to most practical…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Mathieu Huot , Alexander K. Lew , Vikash K. Mansinghka , Sam Staton

We study a probabilistic variant of binary session types that relate to a class of Finite-State Markov Chains. The probability annotations in session types enable the reasoning on the probability that a session terminates successfully, for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Omar Inverso , Hernán Melgratti , Luca Padovani , Catia Trubiani , Emilio Tuosto