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Bug bounties have become increasingly popular in recent years. This paper discusses bug bounties by framing these theoretically against so-called platform economy. Empirically the interest is on the disclosure of web vulnerabilities through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Jukka Ruohonen , Luca Allodi

Software vulnerabilities enable exploitation by malicious hackers, compromising systems and data security. This paper examines bug bounty programs (BBPs) that incentivize ethical hackers to discover and responsibly disclose vulnerabilities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Esther Gal-Or , Muhammad Zia Hydari , Rahul Telang

Systems and blockchains often have security vulnerabilities and can be attacked by adversaries, with potentially significant negative consequences. Therefore, infrastructure providers increasingly rely on bug bounty programs, where external…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-09-06 Hans Gersbach , Akaki Mamageishvili , Fikri Pitsuwan

The security of the Internet of Things (IoT) has attracted much attention due to the growing number of IoT-oriented security incidents. IoT hardware and software security vulnerabilities are exploited affecting many companies and persons.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Aaron Yi Ding , Gianluca Limon De Jesus , Marijn Janssen

Bug bounty programs offer a modern platform for organizations to crowdsource their software security and for security researchers to be fairly rewarded for the vulnerabilities they find. Little is known however on the incentives set by bug…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-04 Thomas Maillart , Mingyi Zhao , Jens Grossklags , John Chuang

Background: While bug bounty programs are not new in software development, an increasing number of companies, as well as open source projects, rely on external parties to perform the security assessment of their software for reward.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Hideaki Hata , Mingyu Guo , M. Ali Babar

Bug bounty programs have contributed significantly to security in technology firms in the last decade, but little is known about the role of reward incentives in producing useful outcomes. We analyze incentives and outcomes in Google's…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Serena Wang , Martino Banchio , Krzysztof Kotowicz , Katrina Ligett , R. Preston McAfee , Eduardo' Vela'' Nava

Despite significant popularity, the bug bounty process has remained broadly unchanged since its inception, with limited implementation of gamification aspects. Existing literature recognises that current methods generate intensive resource…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Jamie O'Hare , Lynsay A. Shepherd

Recently, bug-bounty programs have gained popularity and become a significant part of the security culture of many organizations. Bug-bounty programs enable organizations to enhance their security posture by harnessing the diverse expertise…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Soodeh Atefi , Amutheezan Sivagnanam , Afiya Ayman , Jens Grossklags , Aron Laszka

Researchers have investigated the bug bounty ecosystem from the lens of platforms, programs, and bug hunters. Understanding the perspectives of bug bounty report reviewers, especially those who historically lack a security background and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jessy Ayala , Steven Ngo , Joshua Garcia

We introduce a model for a market based economic system of cyber-risk valuation to correct fundamental problems of incentives within the information technology and information processing industries. We assess the makeup of the current day…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-05-02 Timothy J. O'Shea , Adam Mondl , T. Charles. Clancy

Browsing privacy solutions face an uphill battle to deployment. Many operate counter to the economic objectives of popular online services (e.g., by completely blocking ads) and do not provide enough incentive for users who may be subject…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Arash Molavi Kakhki , Vijay Erramilli , Phillipa Gill , Augustin Chaintreau , Balachander Krishnamurthy

Cybersecurity threats and vulnerabilities continue to grow in number and complexity, presenting an increasing challenge for organizations worldwide. Organizations use threat modelling and bug bounty programs to address these threats, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Serhan W. Bahar

To keep up with the growing number of cyber-attacks and associated threats, there is an ever-increasing demand for cybersecurity professionals and new methods and technologies. Training new cybersecurity professionals is a challenging task…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Kamil Malinka , Anton Firc , Pavel Loutocký , Jakub Vostoupal , Andrej Krištofík , František Kasl

In the world of open-source software (OSS), the number of known vulnerabilities has tremendously increased. The GitHub Advisory Database contains advisories for security risks in GitHub-hosted OSS projects. As of 09/25/2023, there are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Jessy Ayala , Yu-Jye Tung , Joshua Garcia

Cybercrime markets support the development and diffusion of new attack technologies, vulnerability exploits, and malware. Whereas the revenue streams of cyber attackers have been studied multiple times in the literature, no quantitative…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Luca Allodi

The criminal underground is populated with forum marketplaces where, allegedly, cybercriminals share and trade knowledge, skills, and cybercrime products. However, it is still unclear whether all marketplaces matter the same in the overall…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Michele Campobasso , Radu Rădulescu , Sylvan Brons , Luca Allodi

Collaborative cybersecurity relies on organizations sharing information to boost security, but trust management is a key concern. Decentralized solutions like distributed ledgers, particularly blockchain, are crucial for eliminating single…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Loïc Miller , Marc-Oliver Pahl

Modern online platforms such as marketplaces, ride-hailing services, and food-delivery systems serve a dual role: they are both markets where participants interact and transact, and operators that design and govern how these markets…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Gary Qiurui Ma

Web browsers are integral parts of everyone's daily life. They are commonly used for security-critical and privacy sensitive tasks, like banking transactions and checking medical records. Unfortunately, modern web browsers are too complex…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Jungwon Lim , Yonghwi Jin , Mansour Alharthi , Xiaokuan Zhang , Jinho Jung , Rajat Gupta , Kuilin Li , Daehee Jang , Taesoo Kim
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