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Bias research in NLP seeks to analyse models for social biases, thus helping NLP practitioners uncover, measure, and mitigate social harms. We analyse the body of work that uses prompts and templates to assess bias in language models. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Seraphina Goldfarb-Tarrant , Eddie Ungless , Esma Balkir , Su Lin Blodgett

Pre-trained language models trained on large-scale data have learned serious levels of social biases. Consequently, various methods have been proposed to debias pre-trained models. Debiasing methods need to mitigate only discriminatory bias…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Masahiro Kaneko , Danushka Bollegala , Naoaki Okazaki

Pretrained language models are publicly available and constantly finetuned for various real-life applications. As they become capable of grasping complex contextual information, harmful biases are likely increasingly intertwined with those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Sophie Jentzsch , Cigdem Turan

The difficulty intrinsic to a given example, rooted in its inherent ambiguity, is a key yet often overlooked factor in evaluating neural NLP models. We investigate the interplay and divergence among various metrics for assessing intrinsic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Timothee Mickus , Aman Sinha , Raúl Vázquez

With the growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) across various applications, assessing the influence of gender biases embedded in LLMs becomes crucial. The topic of gender bias within the realm of natural language processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Jinman Zhao , Yitian Ding , Chen Jia , Yining Wang , Zifan Qian

The size of pretrained models is increasing, and so is their performance on a variety of NLP tasks. However, as their memorization capacity grows, they might pick up more social biases. In this work, we examine the connection between model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Yarden Tal , Inbal Magar , Roy Schwartz

In this work, we present a framework to measure and mitigate intrinsic biases with respect to protected variables --such as gender-- in visual recognition tasks. We show that trained models significantly amplify the association of target…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Tianlu Wang , Jieyu Zhao , Mark Yatskar , Kai-Wei Chang , Vicente Ordonez

Although much work in NLP has focused on measuring and mitigating stereotypical bias in semantic spaces, research addressing bias in computational argumentation is still in its infancy. In this paper, we address this research gap and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Carolin Holtermann , Anne Lauscher , Simone Paolo Ponzetto

Natural language processing (NLP) models often replicate or amplify social bias from training data, raising concerns about fairness. At the same time, their black-box nature makes it difficult for users to recognize biased predictions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yifan Wang , Mayank Jobanputra , Ji-Ung Lee , Soyoung Oh , Isabel Valera , Vera Demberg

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to inheriting and amplifying societal biases embedded within their training data, potentially reinforcing harmful stereotypes related to gender, occupation, and other sensitive categories. This issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Atmika Gorti , Manas Gaur , Aman Chadha

Machine learning models are trained to find patterns in data. NLP models can inadvertently learn socially undesirable patterns when training on gender biased text. In this work, we propose a general framework that decomposes gender bias in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Emily Dinan , Angela Fan , Ledell Wu , Jason Weston , Douwe Kiela , Adina Williams

Large language models (LLMs) often inherit and amplify social biases embedded in their training data. A prominent social bias is gender bias. In this regard, prior work has mainly focused on gender stereotyping bias - the association of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Erik Derner , Sara Sansalvador de la Fuente , Yoan Gutiérrez , Paloma Moreda , Nuria Oliver

As NLP models become more integrated with the everyday lives of people, it becomes important to examine the social effect that the usage of these systems has. While these models understand language and have increased accuracy on difficult…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Rajas Bansal

Large language models are becoming the go-to solution for the ever-growing number of tasks. However, with growing capacity, models are prone to rely on spurious correlations stemming from biases and stereotypes present in the training data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Tomasz Limisiewicz , David Mareček , Tomáš Musil

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) and their growing integration into daily life underscore the importance of evaluating and ensuring their fairness. In this work, we examine fairness within the domain of emotional theory…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Maureen Herbert , Katie Sun , Angelica Lim , Yasaman Etesam

Despite widespread use in natural language processing (NLP) tasks, word embeddings have been criticized for inheriting unintended gender bias from training corpora. programmer is more closely associated with man and homemaker is more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Haswanth Aekula , Sugam Garg , Animesh Gupta

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate biased responses. Yet previous direct probing techniques contain either gender mentions or predefined gender stereotypes, which are challenging to comprehensively collect. Hence, we propose an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Xiangjue Dong , Yibo Wang , Philip S. Yu , James Caverlee

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed Natural Language Processing (NLP), enabling performance across diverse tasks with little task-specific training. However, LLMs remain susceptible to social biases, particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Melanie Galea , Claudia Borg

While Large Language Models achieve state-of-the-art results across a wide range of NLP tasks, they remain prone to systematic biases. Among these, gender bias is particularly salient in MT, due to systematic differences across languages in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Chiara Manna , Hosein Mohebbi , Afra Alishahi , Frédéric Blain , Eva Vanmassenhove

We investigate how successful bias mitigation reshapes the embedding space of encoder-only and decoder-only foundation models, offering an internal audit of model behaviour through representational analysis. Using BERT and Llama2 as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Svetoslav Nizhnichenkov , Rahul Nair , Elizabeth Daly , Brian Mac Namee