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This is an introduction to software methods of quantum fault tolerance. Broadly speaking, these methods describe strategies for using the noisy hardware components of a quantum computer to perform computations while continually monitoring…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-06 Panos Aliferis

Realizing a large-scale quantum computer requires hardware platforms that can simultaneously achieve universality, scalability, and fault tolerance. As a viable pathway to meeting these requirements, quantum computation based on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-15 Kosuke Fukui , Shuntaro Takeda

Rapid advancements in cloud based platforms providing access to quantum computing capabilities have opened up several challenges for efficient usage of these highly delicate and costly devices. Although most of the current systems use a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Abhishek Sawaika , Udaya Parampalli , Rajkumar Buyya

The major advances in quantum computing over the last few decades have sparked great interest in applying it to solve the most challenging computational problems in a wide variety of areas. One of the most pronounced domains here are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-11 Andreas Sturm , Bharadwaj Mummaneni , Leon Rullkötter

People are witnessing quantum computing revolutions nowadays. Progress in the number of qubits, coherence times and gate fidelities are happening. Although quantum error correction era has not arrived, the research and development of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-17 Guanru Feng , Dawei Lu , Jun Li , Tao Xin , Bei Zeng

To bridge the gap between limited hardware access and the huge demand for experiments for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computing system study, a simulator which can capture the modeling of both the quantum processor and its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-08 Gushu Li , Yufei Ding , Yuan Xie

Quantum mechanical problems are among the hardest to simulate and, in some cases, remain intractable even for the most powerful computers. Quantum computing has emerged as a new technological platform to address such challenges, with rapid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-01 Alexander Miessen

Quantum computers have demonstrated utility in simulating quantum systems beyond brute-force classical approaches. As the community builds on these demonstrations to explore using quantum computing for applied research, algorithms and…

High-performance computing (HPC) has evolved over decades through multiple architectural transitions, from vector supercomputers to massively parallel CPU clusters and GPU-accelerated systems, continuously expanding the frontier of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-23 Suman Raj , Siva Sai , Yogesh Simmhan , Kyle Chard , Rajkumar Buyya

For the first time in history, we are seeing a branching point in computing paradigms with the emergence of quantum processing units (QPUs). Extracting the full potential of computation and realizing quantum algorithms with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-29 Sergey Bravyi , Oliver Dial , Jay M. Gambetta , Dario Gil , Zaira Nazario

With the birth of Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices and the verification of "quantum supremacy" in random number sampling and boson sampling, more and more fields hope to use quantum computers to solve specific problems, such…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Menghan Dou , Tianrui Zou , Yuan Fang , Jing Wang , Dongyi Zhao , Lei Yu , Boying Chen , Wenbo Guo , Ye Li , Zhaoyun Chen , Guoping Guo

Noisy and Intermediate-Scale Quantum, or NISQ, processors are sensitive to noise, prone to quantum decoherence, and are not yet capable of continuous quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computation. Hence, quantum algorithms…

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices seek to achieve quantum advantage over classical systems without the use of full quantum error correction. We propose a NISQ processor architecture using a qubit `pipeline' in which all…

Despite numerous advances in the field and a seemingly ever-increasing amount of investment, we are still some years away from seeing a production quantum computer in action. However, it is possible to make some educated guesses about the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-22 James H. Davenport , Jessica R. Jones , Matthew Thomason

Quantum computing promises disruptive capabilities, yet its energy footprint has received far less attention than its asymptotic speedups. We present a first-order, full-system energy model for quantum computing in an high performance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Siyuan Niu , Di Wu , Ozgur Ozan Kilic , Kwangmin Yu

Quantum computing promises enabling solving large problem instances, e.g. large linear equation systems with HHL algorithm, once the hardware stack matures. For the foreseeable future quantum computing will remain in the so-called NISQ era,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Marc Andreu Marfany , Alona Sakhnenko , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

Experience from seven decades of classical computing suggests that a sustainable computer industry depends on a community of software engineers writing programs to address a wide variety of specific end-user needs, achieving both…

A quantum processor, like any computing device, requires the development of both hardware and the necessary set of software solutions, starting with quantum algorithms and ending with means of accessing quantum devices. As part of the…

One of the key challenges in current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers is to control a quantum system with high-fidelity quantum gates. There are many reasons a quantum gate can go wrong -- for superconducting transmon…

Developing state-of-the-art classical simulators of quantum circuits is of utmost importance to test and evaluate early quantum technology and understand the true potential of full-blown error-corrected quantum computers. In the past few…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-03 Salvatore Mandrà , Jeffrey Marshall , Eleanor G. Rieffel , Rupak Biswas