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Large Language Models are increasingly deployed as educational tools, yet existing benchmarks focus on narrow skills and lack grounding in learning sciences. We introduce OpenLearnLM Benchmark, a theory-grounded framework evaluating LLMs…

Multimodal language analysis is a rapidly evolving field that leverages multiple modalities to enhance the understanding of high-level semantics underlying human conversational utterances. Despite its significance, little research has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Hanlei Zhang , Zhuohang Li , Yeshuang Zhu , Hua Xu , Peiwu Wang , Haige Zhu , Jie Zhou , Jinchao Zhang

Recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in vision-language understanding but face challenges in adapting to dynamic real-world scenarios that require continuous integration of new knowledge and skills. While continual learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Hongbo Zhao , Fei Zhu , Haiyang Guo , Meng Wang , Rundong Wang , Gaofeng Meng , Zhaoxiang Zhang

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) in low-resource and linguistically diverse languages remains a significant challenge in NLP, particularly for languages using non-Latin scripts like those spoken in India. Existing benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Sshubam Verma , Mohammed Safi Ur Rahman Khan , Vishwajeet Kumar , Rudra Murthy , Jaydeep Sen

Modeling discourse -- the linguistic phenomena that go beyond individual sentences, is a fundamental yet challenging aspect of natural language processing (NLP). However, existing evaluation benchmarks primarily focus on the evaluation of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Longyue Wang , Zefeng Du , Donghuai Liu , Deng Cai , Dian Yu , Haiyun Jiang , Yan Wang , Leyang Cui , Shuming Shi , Zhaopeng Tu

State-of-the-art natural language processing systems rely on supervision in the form of annotated data to learn competent models. These models are generally trained on data in a single language (usually English), and cannot be directly used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-14 Alexis Conneau , Guillaume Lample , Ruty Rinott , Adina Williams , Samuel R. Bowman , Holger Schwenk , Veselin Stoyanov

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), which integrate language and visual cues for problem-solving, are crucial for advancing artificial general intelligence (AGI). However, current benchmarks for measuring the intelligence of MLLMs…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable instruction-following capabilities across various applications. However, their performance in multilingual settings lacks systematic investigation, with existing evaluations lacking…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Zhenyu Li , Kehai Chen , Yunfei Long , Xuefeng Bai , Yaoyin Zhang , Xuchen Wei , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) to assist clinicians has attracted remarkable attention. Existing works mainly adopt the close-ended question-answering (QA) task with answer options for evaluation. However, many clinical…

From pre-trained language model (PLM) to large language model (LLM), the field of natural language processing (NLP) has witnessed steep performance gains and wide practical uses. The evaluation of a research field guides its direction of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Ziyu Zhuang , Qiguang Chen , Longxuan Ma , Mingda Li , Yi Han , Yushan Qian , Haopeng Bai , Zixian Feng , Weinan Zhang , Ting Liu

For natural language understanding (NLU) technology to be maximally useful, both practically and as a scientific object of study, it must be general: it must be able to process language in a way that is not exclusively tailored to any one…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Alex Wang , Amanpreet Singh , Julian Michael , Felix Hill , Omer Levy , Samuel R. Bowman

The era of large language models (LLM) raises questions not only about how to train models, but also about how to evaluate them. Despite numerous existing benchmarks, insufficient attention is often given to creating assessments that test…

To address the need for a more comprehensive evaluation of French Natural Language Understanding (NLU), we introduce COLE, a new benchmark composed of 23 diverse task covering a broad range of NLU capabilities, including sentiment analysis,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 David Beauchemin , Yan Tremblay , Mohamed Amine Youssef , Richard Khoury

Recent advancements in large language models (LLM) capable of processing extremely long texts highlight the need for a dedicated evaluation benchmark to assess their long-context capabilities. However, existing methods, like the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Taewhoo Lee , Chanwoong Yoon , Kyochul Jang , Donghyeon Lee , Minju Song , Hyunjae Kim , Jaewoo Kang

The advent of natural language understanding (NLU) benchmarks for English, such as GLUE and SuperGLUE allows new NLU models to be evaluated across a diverse set of tasks. These comprehensive benchmarks have facilitated a broad range of…

As students increasingly adopt large language models (LLMs) as learning aids, it is crucial to build models that are adept at handling the nuances of tutoring: they need to identify the core needs of students, be adaptive, provide…

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) presents transformative opportunities for education, generating numerous novel application scenarios. However, significant challenges remain: evaluation metrics vary substantially across…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Shou'ang Wei , Xinyun Wang , Shuzhen Bi , Jian Chen , Ruijia Li , Bo Jiang , Xin Lin , Min Zhang , Yu Song , BingDong Li , Aimin Zhou , Hao Hao

As the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, evaluating their performance becomes increasingly crucial and challenging. This paper aims to bridge this gap by introducing CMMLU, a comprehensive Chinese benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Haonan Li , Yixuan Zhang , Fajri Koto , Yifei Yang , Hai Zhao , Yeyun Gong , Nan Duan , Timothy Baldwin

Evaluation for many natural language understanding (NLU) tasks is broken: Unreliable and biased systems score so highly on standard benchmarks that there is little room for researchers who develop better systems to demonstrate their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Samuel R. Bowman , George E. Dahl

Recent studies show that crowd-sourced Natural Language Inference (NLI) datasets may suffer from significant biases like annotation artifacts. Models utilizing these superficial clues gain mirage advantages on the in-domain testing set,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Guanhua Zhang , Bing Bai , Jian Liang , Kun Bai , Conghui Zhu , Tiejun Zhao