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We consider the least singular value of a large random matrix with real or complex i.i.d. Gaussian entries shifted by a constant $z\in\mathbb{C}$. We prove an optimal lower tail estimate on this singular value in the critical regime where…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-11-02 Giorgio Cipolloni , László Erdős , Dominik Schröder

We obtain a tail bound for the least non-zero singular value of $A-z$ when $A$ is a random matrix and $z$ is an eigenvalue of $A$ in a neighbourhood of a given point $z_0$ in the bulk of the spectrum. The argument relies on a resolvent…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-22 Mohammed Osman

We study the deformed complex Ginibre ensemble $H=A_0+H_0$, where $H_0$ is the complex matrix with iid Gaussian entries, and $A_0$ is some general $n\times n$ matrix (it can be random and in this case it is independent of $H_0$). Assuming…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-07-03 Ievgenii Afanasiev , Mariya Shcherbina , Tatyana Shcherbina

We derive an accurate lower tail estimate on the lowest singular value $\sigma_1(X-z)$ of a real Gaussian (Ginibre) random matrix $X$ shifted by a complex parameter $z$. Such shift effectively changes the upper tail behaviour of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-11-02 Giorgio Cipolloni , László Erdős , Dominik Schröder

We obtain lower tail estimates for the smallest singular value of random matrices with independent but non-identically distributed entries. Specifically, we consider $n\times n$ matrices with complex entries of the form \[ M = A\circ X + B…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-05-21 Nicholas A. Cook

Let $\sigma_n(\cdot)$ denote the least singular value of a $n \times n$ matrix. It is well-known that $\mathbb{P}[\sigma_n(A) \le \varepsilon] \le \varepsilon n$ if $A$ is drawn from the real Ginibre ensemble of $n \times n$ matrices and…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-06-10 Edward Zeng

Consider the $n\times n$ matrix $X_n=A_n+H_n$, where $A_n$ is a $n\times n$ matrix (either deterministic or random) and $H_n$ is a $n\times n$ matrix independent from $A_n$ drawn from complex Ginibre ensemble. We study the limiting…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Roman Sarapin

We study the lower tail behavior of the least singular value of an $n\times n$ random matrix $M_n := M+N_n$, where $M$ is a fixed complex matrix with operator norm at most $\exp(n^{c})$ and $N_n$ is a random matrix, each of whose entries is…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-09-06 Vishesh Jain

Let $G_n$ be an $n \times n$ matrix with real i.i.d. $N(0,1/n)$ entries, let $A$ be a real $n \times n$ matrix with $\Vert A \Vert \le 1$, and let $\gamma \in (0,1)$. We show that with probability $0.99$, $A + \gamma G_n$ has all of its…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Jess Banks , Jorge Garza Vargas , Archit Kulkarni , Nikhil Srivastava

Some properties that nominally involve the eigenvalues of Gaussian Unitary Ensemble (GUE) can instead be phrased in terms of singular values. By discarding the signs of the eigenvalues, we gain access to a surprising decomposition: the…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-02-27 Alan Edelman , Michael La Croix

The real Ginibre ensemble refers to the family of $n\times n$ matrices in which each entry is an independent Gaussian random variable of mean zero and variance one. Our main result is that the appropriately scaled spectral radius converges…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2014-05-19 Brian Rider , Christopher D. Sinclair

The objective of the matrix selection problem is to select a submatrix $A_{S}\in \mathbb{R}^{n\times k}$ from $A\in \mathbb{R}^{n\times m}$ such that its minimum singular value is maximized. In this paper, we employ the interlacing…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-15 Zhiqiang Xu

We prove an estimate on the smallest singular value of a multiplicatively and additively deformed random rectangular matrix. Suppose $n\le N \le M \le \Lambda N$ for some constant $\Lambda \ge 1$. Let $X$ be an $M\times n$ random matrix…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-10-17 Fan Yang

Let $\a$ be a complex random variable with mean zero and bounded variance. Let $N_{n}$ be the random matrix of size $n$ whose entries are iid copies of $\a$ and $M$ be a fixed matrix of the same size. The goal of this paper is to give a…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-05-23 Terence Tao , Van Vu

Let $A$ be an $N\times n$ random matrix whose entries are coordinates of an isotropic log-concave random vector in $\mathbb{R}^{Nn}$. We prove sharp lower tail estimates for the smallest singular value of $A$ in the following cases: (1)…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Manuel Fernandez , Galyna V. Livshyts , Stephanie Mui

We derive a precise asymptotic formula for the density of the small singular values of the real Ginibre matrix ensemble shifted by a complex parameter $z$ as the dimension tends to infinity. For $z$ away from the real axis the formula…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-10-26 Giorgio Cipolloni , László Erdős , Dominik Schröder

Let $A \in \mathbb{R}^{N \times n}$ ($N \geq n$) be a random matrix with with independent entries that have mean 0 variance 1 and bounded $2+\beta$ moment. We show that the smallest singular value $\sigma_n(A)$ satisfies \[ \Pr…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-28 Max Dabagia , Manuel Fernandez

Let $A$ be an $n\times n$ real matrix, and let $M$ be an $n\times n$ random matrix whose entries are i.i.d sub-Gaussian random variables with mean $0$ and variance $1$. We make two contributions to the study of $s_n(A+M)$, the smallest…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-09-04 Vishesh Jain , Ashwin Sah , Mehtaab Sawhney

We consider the deformed Gaussian ensemble $H_n=H_n^{(0)}+M_n$ in which $H_n^{(0)}$ is a hermitian matrix (possibly random) and $M_n$ is the Gaussian unitary random matrix (GUE) independent of $H_n^{(0)}$. Assuming that the Normalized…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Tatyana Shcherbina

We study n by n symmetric random matrices H, possibly discrete, with iid above-diagonal entries. We show that H is singular with probability at most exp(-n^c), and the spectral norm of the inverse of H is O(sqrt{n}). Furthermore, the…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-03-05 Roman Vershynin
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