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Grip, walk, crawl, and jump. Soft robots are integrated functional structures composed of compliant mechanisms, whose activity spans various industrial applications such as surgery, healthcare, surveillance, and even planetary exploration.…

It has been a great challenge to develop robots that are able to perform complex movement patterns with high speed and, simultaneously, high accuracy. Copepods are animals found in freshwater and saltwater habitats that can have extremely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Zhiguo He , Yang Yang , Pengcheng Jiao , Haipeng Wang , Guanzheng Lin , Thomas Pähtz

We present an open-source untethered quadrupedal soft robot platform for dynamic locomotion (e.g., high-speed running and backflipping). The robot is mostly soft (80 vol.%) while driven by four geared servo motors. The robot's soft body and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Boxi Xia , Jiaming Fu , Hongbo Zhu , Zhicheng Song , Yibo Jiang , Hod Lipson

Aerial robots the size of a honeybee (~100 mg) have advantages over larger robots because of their small size, low mass and low materials cost. Previous iterations have demonstrated controlled flight but were difficult to fabricate because…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Yogesh M Chukewad , Johannes James , Avinash Singh , Sawyer Fuller

Legged locomotion on flowing ground ({\em e.g.} granular media) is unlike locomotion on hard ground because feet experience both solid- and fluid-like forces during surface penetration. Recent bio-inspired legged robots display speed…

Biological Physics · Physics 2021-05-20 Chen Li , Paul B. Umbanhowar , Haldun Komsuoglu , Daniel E. Koditschek , Daniel I. Goldman

With the emergence of new flapping-wing micro aerial vehicle (FWMAV) designs, a need for extensive and advanced mission capabilities arises. FWMAVs try to adapt and emulate the flight features of birds and flying insects. While current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Krispin C. V. Broers , Sophie F. Armanini

Biological locomotion, observed in the flexible wings of birds and insects, bodies and fins of aquatic mammals and fishes, consists of their ability to morph the wings/fins. The morphing capability holds significance in the abilities of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-10-19 Pragalbh Dev Singh , Ishan Neogi , Vardhan Niral Shah , Vaibhav Joshi

Soft robots offer adaptability and safe interaction with complex environments. Rapid prototyping kits that allow soft robots to be assembled easily will allow different geometries to be explored quickly to suit different environments or to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Luyang Zhao , Yitao Jiang , Chun-Yi She , Muhao Chen , Devin Balkcom

Flying robots, such as quadrotor drones, offer new possibilities for human-robot interaction but often pose safety risks due to fast-spinning propellers, rigid structures, and noise. In contrast, lighter-than-air flapping-wing robots,…

Fish-inspired aquatic robots are gaining increasing attention in marine robot communities due to their high swimming speeds and efficient propulsion enabled by flexible bodies that generate undulatory motions. To support the design…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Zhiheng Chen , Wei Wang

Miniature locomotion robots with the ability to navigate confined environments show great promise for a wide range of tasks, including search and rescue operations. Soft miniature locomotion robots, as a burgeoning field, have attracted…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Quan Xiong , Xuanyi Zhou , Jonathan William Ambrose , Raye Chen-Hua Yeow

Snapping beams enable rapid geometric transitions through nonlinear instability, offering an efficient means of generating motion in soft robotic systems. In this study, a tendon-driven mechanism consisting of spiral-based metabeams was…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Mohsen Jafarpour , Ayberk Yüksek , Shahab Eshghi , Stanislav Gorb , Edoardo Milana

Aerial insects exhibit highly agile maneuvers such as sharp braking, saccades, and body flips under disturbance. In contrast, insect-scale aerial robots are limited to tracking non-aggressive trajectories with small body acceleration. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Yi-Hsuan Hsiao , Andrea Tagliabue , Owen Matteson , Suhan Kim , Tong Zhao , Jonathan P. How , YuFeng Chen

In nature, a variety of limbless locomotion patterns flourish from the small or basic life form (Escherichia coli, the amoeba, etc.) to the large or intelligent creatures (e.g., slugs, starfishes, earthworms, octopuses, jellyfishes, and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-11-29 Liangliang Zhu , Yunteng Cao , Yilun Liu , Zhe Yang , Xi Chen

Micro-organisms propel themselves in viscous environments by the periodic, nonreciprocal beating of slender appendages known as flagella. Active materials have been widely exploited to mimic this form of locomotion. However, the realization…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-08-06 Ariel Surya Boiardi , Giovanni Noselli

Soft materials have many important roles in animal locomotion and object manipulation. In robotic applications soft materials can store and release energy, absorb impacts, increase compliance and increase the range of possible shape…

Robotics · Computer Science 2015-09-28 Vishesh Vikas , Paul Templeton , Barry Trimmer

Many swimming and flying animals are observed to cruise in a narrow range of Strouhal numbers, where the Strouhal number ${St = 2fA/U}$ is a dimensionless parameter that relates stroke frequency $f$, amplitude $A$, and forward speed $U$.…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-04-11 Daniel Floryan , Tyler Van Buren , Alexander J. Smits

Jumping and hopping locomotion are efficient means of traversing unstructured rugged terrain with the former being the focus of roboticists; a focus that has recently been changing. This focus has led to significant performance and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Samuel Burns , Matthew Woodward

Depending on multiple parameters, soft robots can exhibit different modes of locomotion that are difficult to model numerically. As a result, improving their performance is complex, especially in small-scale systems characterized by low…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Mikołaj Rogóż , Zofia Dziekan , Piotr Wasylczyk

Soft underwater robots typically explore bioinspired designs at the expense of power efficiency when compared to traditional underwater robots, which limits their practical use in real-world applications. We leverage a fluidic closed-loop…