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We present a physically-inspired model and an efficient algorithm to infer hierarchical rankings of nodes in directed networks. It assigns real-valued ranks to nodes rather than simply ordinal ranks, and it formalizes the assumption that…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-06-14 Caterina De Bacco , Daniel B. Larremore , Cristopher Moore

Hypergraphs naturally represent higher-order interactions, which persistently appear from social interactions to neural networks and other natural systems. Although their importance is well recognized, a theoretical framework to describe…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-05-25 Guilherme Ferraz de Arruda , Michele Tizzani , Yamir Moreno

Understanding human mobility is essential for applications ranging from urban planning to public health. Traditional mobility models such as flow networks and colocation matrices capture only pairwise interactions between discrete…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Prathyush Sambaturu , Bernardo Gutierrez , Moritz U. G. Kraemer

Inferring higher-order interaction structure from observations of dynamics is a central challenge in complex systems, particularly when data are scarce, noisy, or concentrated in lower-dimensional regions of state space. We develop…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-07 Katerina Tang , Vivek Srikrishnan , Jackson Kulik

Graph vertices are often organized into groups that seem to live fairly independently of the rest of the graph, with which they share but a few edges, whereas the relationships between group members are stronger, as shown by the large…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-12-20 Santo Fortunato , Claudio Castellano

A network can be analyzed at different topological scales, ranging from single nodes to motifs, communities, up to the complete structure. We propose a novel intermediate-level topological analysis that considers non-overlapping subgraphs…

Computational Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Lucas Antiqueira , Luciano da Fontoura Costa

Community detection in hypergraphs is both instrumental for functional module identification and intricate due to higher-order interactions among nodes. We define a hypergraph Ricci flow that directly operates on higher-order interactions…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Yulu Tian , Jicheng Ma , Yunyan Yang , Liang Zhao

Networks represent relationships between entities in many complex systems, spanning from online social interactions to biological cell development and brain connectivity. In many cases, relationships between entities are unambiguously…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-01-23 Ivan Brugere , Brian Gallagher , Tanya Y. Berger-Wolf

Graph embeddings learn the structure of networks and represent it in low-dimensional vector spaces. Community structure is one of the features that are recognized and reproduced by embeddings. We show that an iterative procedure, in which a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-07-30 Bianka Kovács , Sadamori Kojaku , Gergely Palla , Santo Fortunato

Many real-world systems involve higher-order interactions and thus demand complex models such as hypergraphs. For instance, a research article could have multiple collaborating authors, and therefore the co-authorship network is best…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Tarun Kumar , K Darwin , Srinivasan Parthasarathy , Balaraman Ravindran

In complex systems research, the study of higher-order interactions has exploded in recent years. Researchers have formalized various types of group interactions, such as public goods games, biological contagion, and information…

Identifying patterns of relations among the units of a complex system from measurements of their activities in time is a fundamental problem with many practical applications. Here, we introduce a method that detects dependencies of any…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-09 Andrea Civilini , Fabrizio de Vico Fallani , Vito Latora

Many networks can be usefully decomposed into a dense core plus an outlying, loosely-connected periphery. Here we propose an algorithm for performing such a decomposition on empirical network data using methods of statistical inference. Our…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-06-22 Xiao Zhang , Travis Martin , M. E. J. Newman

Human social interactions in local settings can be experimentally detected by recording the physical proximity and orientation of people. Such interactions, approximating face-to-face communications, can be effectively represented as time…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-10-08 Giulia Cencetti , Federico Battiston , Bruno Lepri , Márton Karsai

Clustering and community structure is crucial for many network systems and the related dynamic processes. It has been shown that communities are usually overlapping and hierarchical. However, previous methods investigate these two…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2009-02-20 Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng , Kai Cai , Mao-Bin Hu

We propose a robust, scalable, integrated methodology for community detection and community comparison in graphs. In our procedure, we first embed a graph into an appropriate Euclidean space to obtain a low-dimensional representation, and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-08-29 Vince Lyzinski , Minh Tang , Avanti Athreya , Youngser Park , Carey E. Priebe

Understanding relations arising out of interactions among entities can be very difficult, and predicting them is even more challenging. This problem has many applications in various fields, such as financial networks and e-commerce. These…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Tony Gracious , Ambedkar Dukkipati

Higher order interactions are increasingly recognised as a fundamental aspect of complex systems ranging from the brain to social contact networks. Hypergraph as well as simplicial complexes capture the higher-order interactions of complex…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-09-23 Hanlin Sun , Ginestra Bianconi

We address the problem of estimating causal effects from observational data in the presence of network confounding, a setting where both treatment assignment and observed outcomes of individuals may be influenced by their neighbors within a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Abhishek Dalvi , Neil Ashtekar , Vasant Honavar

Several biological and social contagion phenomena, such as superspreading events or social reinforcement, are the results of multi-body interactions, for which hypergraphs offer a natural mathematical description. In this paper, we develop…

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